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Biomedical subjects

Roger Davis

Publications and source records attributed to Roger Davis.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Vocal cord dysfunction: a case report.

Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a respiratory condition characterized by the paradoxical closure of the vocal cords. This condition results in a myriad of symptoms that would be expected from an upper airway obstruction including anxiety, hyperventilation, wheezing, stridor, shortness of breath, dyspnea, and suprasternal and neck muscle retraction. with known VCD who underwent local anesthesia with intravenous sedation for perianal skin tag removal. Postoperatively, the patient experienced respiratory distress, prompting interventions and investigation. A review of the literature revealed limited information on VCD, and no anesthesia literature was found regarding this entity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Modification of the effects of estrogen therapy on HDL cholesterol levels by polymorphisms of the HDL-C receptor, SR-BI: the Rancho Bernardo Study.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found polymorphisms of the HDL receptor, SR-BI, to be associated with plasma HDL-C in women, but not men, suggesting a modifying role of estrogen. We examined whether the association between SR-BI genotypes and HDL-C is modified by use of unopposed estrogen in community-dwelling postmenopausal Caucasian women. METHODS: Common polymorphisms in Intron5 and Exon8 of the SR-BI gene were evaluated in 689 women from the Rancho Bernardo Study. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: HDL-C levels did not differ significantly by genotype in the aggregate population. However, significant interaction was found between estrogen use and Exon8 (p=0.03), Intron5 (p=0.03) and Intron5/Exon8 diplotypes (p=0.01). SR-BI genotype was associated with HDL-C levels only among estrogen users (p=0.05) and explained 5.3% of the variance in HDL-C in this group. Consistent with prior studies, individuals heterozygous at both Intron5 and Exon8 loci had the lowest HDL-C levels. Among women with symptomatic CHD, the interaction between estrogen use and SR-BI genotype became even stronger. CONCLUSIONS: The effect that unopposed estrogen use has on HDL-C may depend on a woman's SR-BI genotype.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Bbs2-null mice have neurosensory deficits, a defect in social dominance, and retinopathy associated with mislocalization of rhodopsin.

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a heterogeneous, pleiotropic human disorder characterized by obesity, retinopathy, polydactyly, renal and cardiac malformations, learning disabilities, hypogenitalism, and an increased incidence of diabetes and hypertension. No information is available regarding the specific function of BBS2. We show that mice lacking Bbs2 gene expression have major components of the human phenotype, including obesity and retinopathy. In addition, these mice have phenotypes associated with cilia dysfunction, including retinopathy, renal cysts, male infertility, and a deficit in olfaction. With the exception of male infertility, these phenotypes are not caused by a complete absence of cilia. We demonstrate that BBS2 retinopathy involves normal retina development followed by apoptotic death of photoreceptors, the primary ciliated cells of the retina. Photoreceptor cell death is preceded by mislocalization of rhodopsin, indicating a defect in transport. We also demonstrate that Bbs2(-/-) mice and a second BBS mouse model, Bbs4(-/-), have a defect in social function. The evaluation of Bbs2(-/-) mice indicates additional phenotypes that should be evaluated in human patients, including deficits in social interaction and infertility.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

A map of WW domain family interactions.

WW domains are protein modules that bind proline-rich ligands. WW domain-ligand complexes are of importance as they have been implicated in several human diseases such as muscular dystrophy, cancer, hypertension, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. We report the results of a protein array aimed at mapping all the human WW domain protein-protein interactions. Our biochemical approach integrates parallel synthesis of peptides, protein expression, and high-throughput screening methodology combined with tools of bioinformatics. The results suggest that the majority of the bioinformatically predicted WW peptide ligands and most WW domains are functional, and that only about 10% of the measured domain-ligand interactions are positive. The analysis of the WW domain protein arrays also underscores the importance of the amino acid residues surrounding the WW ligand core motifs for specific binding to WW domains. In addition, the methodology presented here allows for the rapid elucidation of WW domain-ligand interactions with multiple applications including prediction of exact WW ligand binding sites, which can be applied to the mapping of other protein signaling domain families. Such information can be applied to the generation of protein interaction networks and identification of potential drug targets. To our knowledge, this report describes the first protein-protein interaction map of a domain in the human proteome.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed2002

Use of a simple forearm tourniquet as an adjunct to an intravenous regional block.

Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is a well-recognized technique for producing anesthesia during surgical procedures of the extremities. It has been suggested that the application of a tourniquet to the forearm may improve the quality of the block. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the application of a forearm tourniquet would accelerate onset time and improve the density and quality of an intravenous regional block. Twenty volunteer subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned in this crossover investigation. Control subjects received a standard IVRA technique; experimental subjects received IVRA technique with the application of a simple forearm tourniquet. Pain was elicited by means of an electrical stimulus, and assessments were performed using a 100-mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Paired t tests were used to examine differences between groups on the variables studied. It was noted that the arm with the tourniquet had a shorter time for the onset of anesthesia (P = .0008) and had lower 10-minute VAS tolerance (P = .0469). This investigation suggests that the application of a simple forearm tourniquet as an adjunct to IVRA provides a more rapid onset of anesthesia than when no tourniquet is applied and may improve the density and quality of the block.

Adult↗