Biomedical subjects

Roberto Ghiselli

Publications and source records attributed to Roberto Ghiselli.

40 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Therapeutic efficacy of intraperitoneal polymyxin B and polymyxin-like peptides alone or combined with levofloxacin in rat models of septic shock.

The efficacy of two polymyxin-like peptides, KFFKFFKFF and IKFLKFLKFL, alone and combined with levofloxacin, was investigated in a rat model of septic shock. Rats were given an ip injection of 2 x 10(10) cfu of Escherichia coli and randomized to receive ip isotonic sodium chloride solution, 7 mg/kg levofloxacin, 1 mg/kg polymyxin B and 1 mg/kg of each polymyxin-like peptides alone or combined with 7 mg/kg levofloxacin. Polymyxins achieved a significant reduction in plasma endotoxin and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) concentration. Levofloxacin significantly reduced the bacterial growth and TNF-alpha concentration. The combinations of polymyxin-like peptides and levofloxacin demonstrated the highest efficacy.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Single-dose intraperitoneal magainins improve survival in a gram-negative-pathogen septic shock rat model.

The therapeutic efficacies of three polycationic peptides selected among the class of the magainins (magainin I, magainin II, and magainin II amide), alone and combined with piperacillin, were investigated in a rat model of septic shock. Rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of 2 x 10(10) CFU of Escherichia coli and randomized to receive intraperitoneally isotonic sodium chloride solution, 60 mg of piperacillin per kg of body weight, and 1 mg of each magainin per kg alone and combined with 60 mg of piperacillin per kg. The main outcome measures were bacterial growth in abdominal exudate and plasma, endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations in plasma, and lethality. Treatments with the magainins achieved significant reductions of bacterial growth and plasma endotoxin and TNF-alpha concentrations. In general, treatments with the combinations of magainins and piperacillin demonstrated the highest efficacies.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Potential therapeutic role of cationic peptides in three experimental models of septic shock.

The therapeutic efficacies of buforin II, indolicidin, and KFFKFFKFF were investigated in three rat models of septic shock: (i) rats injected intraperitoneally with 10 microg of Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide, (ii) rats given an intraperitoneal injection of 2 x 10(10) CFU of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and (iii) rats in which intra-abdominal sepsis was induced via cecal ligation and single puncture. All animals were randomized to receive parenterally isotonic sodium chloride solution, 1 mg of buforin II per kg of body weight, 1 mg of indolicidin per kg, 1 mg of KFFKFFKFF per kg, and 20 mg of imipenem per kg. The main outcome measures were bacterial growth in abdominal exudate and plasma, endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations in plasma, and lethality. Treatment with all peptides resulted in significant reductions in plasma endotoxin and TNF-alpha concentrations compared with those resulting from the imipenem and saline treatments. On the other hand, imipenem treatment significantly reduced the levels of bacterial growth compared with the reductions achieved with the peptide and saline treatments. All compounds reduced the rates of death compared to that for the controls. Although the peptides demonstrated lower levels of antimicrobial activity than imipenem, they exhibited the dual properties of antimicrobial and antiendotoxin agents.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Efficacy of quinupristin-dalfopristin in preventing vascular graft infection due to Staphylococcus epidermidis with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides.

A rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D) in the prevention of vascular prosthetic graft infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides. The in vitro activity of the compound was compared to that of vancomycin by MIC determination and time-kill study. Moreover, the efficacy of collagen-sealed Q-D-soaked Dacron was evaluated in a rat model of graft infection. Graft infections were established in the subcutaneous tissue of the backs of 120 adult male Wistar rats. The in vivo study included a control group, one contaminated group that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis, two contaminated groups that received grafts soaked with 10 and 100 micro g of Q-D per ml, respectively, and two contaminated groups that received grafts soaked with 10 and 100 micro g of vancomycin per ml, respectively. Rats that received Dacron grafts soaked with 100 micro g of Q-D per ml showed no evidence of infection (<10 CFU/ml). In contrast, for rats that received Dacron grafts soaked with 10 micro g of Q-D per ml and Dacron grafts soaked with 10 or 100 micro g of vancomycin per ml, the quantitative graft cultures demonstrated 2.2 x 10(2) +/- 1.3 x 10(2), 2.2 x 10(6) +/- 1.9 x 10(5), and 5.6 x 10(2) +/- 0.3 x 10(2) CFU/ml, respectively. Taken together the results of the study demonstrate that the use of Dacron grafts soaked with Q-D can result in significant bacterial growth inhibition and show that this compound is potentially valuable for prevention of vascular prosthetic graft infection.

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