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Biomedical subjects

Rashmi

Publications and source records attributed to Rashmi.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: an overview.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates have gained major importance due to their structural diversity and close analogy to plastics. These are gaining more and more importance world over. Different sources (natural isolates, recombinant bacteria, plants) and other methods are being investigated to exert more control over the quality, quantity and economics of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production. Their biodegradability makes them extremely desirable substitutes for synthetic plastics. The PHB biosynthetic genes phbA, phbB and phbC are clustered and organized in one phbCAB operon. The PHB pathway is highly divergent in the bacterial genera with regard to orientation and clustering of genes involved. Inspite of this the enzymes display a high degree of sequence conservation. But how similar are the mechanisms of regulation of these divergent operons is as yet unknown. Structural studies will further improve our understanding of the mechanism of action of these enzymes and aid us in improving and selecting better candidates for increased production. Metabolic engineering thereafter promises to bring a feasible solution for the production of "green plastic".

Bacteria↗
PubMed2001

Rupture uterus--changing Indian scenario.

A total of 60 cases of rupture uterus managed in last five years in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at the University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi were reviewed. Of these 77% cases reported to the hospital with rupture uterus while in 23% cases rupture occurred after admission. The factor responsible for rupture in admitted patients was either oxytocin induction/augmentation in scarred uterus or obstetrical manipulation in unscarred uterus; 80% cases were totally unsupervised during antenatal period. Previous uterine scar was responsible for rupture in as high as 63.3% cases. The commonest previous surgery was caesarean section mostly for non-recurrent causes. Obstructed labour was responsible for rupture in 26.6% cases while traumatic rupture was seen in 10% cases. Repair of uterine rent was performed in 54% cases while rest required hysterectomy. Bladder injury was associated in 9 cases and was repaired at the time of laparotomy. Maternal mortality was 3.33% and foetal mortality was 78.66%. The changing trends observed in the present study are those of low maternal mortality and decreasing incidence of obstructed labour in the aetiology of rupture uterus.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of mung bean (lentil) and pop rice based rehydration solutions in comparison with the standard glucose electrolyte solution.

Children with acute diarrhea and moderate dehydration between 3 months and 5 years of age were randomly assigned to receive treatment with standard WHO oral rehydration solution (ORS) (n = 33) and two other solutions in which the 20 g/L glucose was substituted by 50 g/L of pop rice (n = 31) and 60 g/L of mung bean (lentil) powder (n = 29). Satisfactory oral rehydration, as assessed clinically and by changes in PCV and total serum solids (TSS), was achieved in 90.9% with WHO ORS, 96.8% with pop rice, and 96.6% in the mung bean ORS treated group (p greater than 0.05). The purging rates (ml/kg/h) until recovery were 2.49 +/- 1.5 (pop rice); 2.91 +/- 2.0 (WHO), and 3.41 +/- 1.7 in the mung bean group (p greater than 0.05). The percentage of patients recovering from diarrhea within the 72 h study period was 58.0 (pop rice), 48.4 (WHO), and 44.8 for mung bean group (p greater than 0.05). Though differences in stool volumes and duration in the three groups were not statistically different, there was a trend toward improvement in efficacy with the pop rice ORS in several parameters: greater weight gain, higher percentage decline in TSS, higher urine output despite lower ORS intake, and lower purging rates. The intake of semisolids in the 24-72 h study period was also higher in the pop rice group as compared to the other two groups (p less than 0.05). The number of breast feeds and intake of artificial milk was however similar in all groups (p greater than 0.05).

Breast Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Testicular fine needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of azoospermia and oligospermia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate qualitative and quantitative cytologic features on testicular fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of azoospermia and oligospermia and to correlate cytologic and histologic diagnoses. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study, 50 infertile males selected from the infertility clinic of Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital were studied. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears from both testes of 27 azoospermic and 23 oligospermic patients (sperm count < 10 million per milliliter) were stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa and Papanicolaou stain. Differential counting of 500 spermatogenic cells was done, and the number of Sertoli cells per 500 germ cells was determined for calculating the spermatic index and Sertoli cell index, respectively. FNAC and testicular biopsy were performed under local anesthesia as a minor surgical procedure. RESULTS: Six groups were identified on FNAC smears from azoospermic patients: I. normal spermatogenesis (8), II. hypospermatogenesis (2), III. maturation arrest (2), IV. Sertoli cells only (6), V. atrophic pattern (7), and VI. Leydig cell predominance (2). In oligospermic patients two groups were identified: I. those with normal spermatogenesis (4), and II. those with subnormal spermatogenesis (19). Correlation with histopathologic examination was seen in 81.5% azoospermic and 65.2% oligospermic patients. CONCLUSION: Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of testicular FNAC provides useful information on both azoospermic and oligospermic patients. FNAC performed under local anesthesia is an acceptable outpatient procedure that consistently yields sufficient diagnostic material in all patients.

Adult↗