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R van Reekum

Publications and source records attributed to R van Reekum.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Impulsivity, defensive functioning, and borderline personality disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To replicate previous research suggesting that impulsivity highly predicts current DIB(R) score and social functioning, with the additional inclusion of other measures, including defensive functioning. METHOD: Correlational analyses between impulsivity and other measures, and regression analyses with DIB(R) and SAS-SR as outcome measures, and impulsivity and other measures as predictor variables, were performed on data derived from n = 57 initially borderline personality disorder (BPD) subjects recruited as part of a 7-year follow-up study of BPD. RESULTS: Data showed strong correlations between the elements of impulsivity described previously and defensive functioning. The initial study results were repeated, and only a minor contribution from defensive functioning additionally contributed to the regression models. No other variables entered the model, unless anger was dropped from the variables entered into the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The results may contribute to a better definition of the term "impulsivity" as related to BPD, and may lead to further, improved research into the cause, treatment, and prognosis of BPD.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1996

Repeat neurobehavioral study of borderline personality disorder.

Previous research has tentatively identified a large subgroup of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) with histories of developmental or acquired brain insults. Similarly, these studies have demonstrated a possible biological correlation between the severity of BPD and the number of previous brain insults. The possibility of frontal system cognitive dysfunction in BPD has been raised. This single-blind, case-control study of BPD showed that 13 of 24 subjects with BPD had suffered a brain insult. Correlations between neurodevelopmental/acquired brain injury score and the diagnostic interview for borderline (DIB) score (r = 0.47), and between frontal system cognitive functioning and DIB score (r = -0.37) were seen. Neurocognitive testing and comparison with a cohort of subjects with traumatic brain injury (TBI) showed a pattern of similar cognitive functioning between the 2 groups, with the only differences on individual tests being in the direction of worse functioning in the group with BPD on 2 tasks. These results support the hypotheses described above. The main limitation reflects the low numbers of subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Borderline personality disorder and substance abuse: consequences of comorbidity.

The objective of this paper was to examine the prognostic significance of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance abuse in a cohort of former inpatients screened for BPD and followed up prospectively seven years after the index admission. The impact of comorbidity on borderline psychopathology, impulsivity and psychosocial functioning was examined. The original cohort was assembled between April 1983 and December 1985. Admissions were screened for borderline characteristics which resulted in a sample of 130 subjects, 88 of whom were positive for BPD based on the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines. At seven years follow-up, 81 out of 130 (62.3%) subjects were re-interviewed. Six (4.6%) had committed suicide, two (1.5%) were deceased and 41 (31.6%) were lost to follow-up. The subjects with BPD and substance abuse were significantly differentiated from subjects with BPD only, substance abuse only and neither disorder on the basis of demonstrating more borderline psychopathology and more self-destructive and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Probands with initial diagnoses of BPD and substance abuse were twice as likely to be diagnosed BPD on follow-up as probands with initial diagnosis of BPD only (relative risk = 2.19, 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.97). These findings and other research suggest that patients with comorbid BPD and substance abuse should be encouraged to focus on their abuse problems as a priority.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Acquired and developmental brain dysfunction in borderline personality disorder.

This paper examines the evidence that brain dysfunction causes borderline personality disorder (BPD). The rules of causation set forth by Sir Bradford Hill will be considered, which include the strength of association, consistency of findings, specificity, temporal relationship, biological gradient, biological plausibility, experimental verification and analogous evidence. Brain dysfunction, in this context, is considered to involve both acquired and developmental neurological (or "organic") brain injuries, as well as the evidence provided by neurological and neuropsychological testing, neurobehavioral models of brain functioning and response to treatment. Biochemical and genetic evidence will not be reviewed, but will be considered in proposing models of brain dysfunction in BPD. It is hoped that this review will provide both the stimulus and possible directions for future research and be of relevance to the clinician assessing and treating patients with BPD.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1993

Neurobehavioral study of borderline personality disorder.

The existence of an "organic" subgroup of borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been postulated. This report is of a case-controlled, chart-review study of BPD. The control sample consisted of patients with a variety of psychiatric diagnoses. The study found that 81% of the patients with BPD and 22% of the control patients had a history of brain injury, either developmental (44%), acquired (58%) or both. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the summed number of developmental and acquired brain injuries and the score on the retro-Diagnostic Interview for Borderline. A pilot neuropsychological study showed that seven of nine subjects with BPD had evidence of frontal system dysfunction. These results help to support the hypothesized existence of an organic BPD subgroup.

Adult↗