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Biomedical subjects

R Ziegler

Publications and source records attributed to R Ziegler.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Inhibition of platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation by the calcium antagonist nisoldipine following a single oral dose of 10 mg. A double-blind study in healthy probands].

The influence of the calcium antagonist nisoldipine on collagen-induced platelet aggregation and platelet thromboxane formation was studied ex vivo in healthy male volunteers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. Measurements of general haemodynamics, immunoreactive 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 ex vivo and collagen-induced (0.6 and 2.5 micrograms/ml) platelet aggregation were performed immediately before (time 0), 0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h after ingestion of 10 mg nisoldipine or an identical placebo tablet. Compared with the control response at time 0, administration of nisoldipine resulted in a significant inhibition of both low-collagen-induced platelet aggregation and formation of immunoreactive thromboxane B2 at time 0.5 h. There were no changes in heart rate or systolic blood pressure but a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure by nisoldipine at 1 h. No such change was obtained with placebo and there were also no alterations with nisoldipine in platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation after stimulation by high-dose collagen at this or any other time of the study. The data demonstrate a platelet-inhibitory potential of nisoldipine in healthy men which is probably related to an increased resistance of the platelet membrane against foreign stimuli.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1985

Comparative bone analysis via inflammation-mediated osteopenia (IMO) in the rat.

Various methods exist for determination of trabecular or total bone mass in animal experiments. There is one group of simple techniques not requiring sophisticated equipment focusing on bone-calcium determination. By contrast, another group of newer methods requires complex equipment for procedures such as computerized analysis of bone X-rays or of nondecalcified bone sections. The methods of the first group require considerable time to perform, whereas those of the second group allow a great number of analyses in a short time. We have adapted the computerized techniques to the determination of rat-bone mass and then compared both types of methodology using the new animal model for pathological loss of bone mass: the syndrome of inflammation-mediated osteopenia (IMO) in rats [1, 2]. Reliable results were obtained with both approaches, but we recommend the use of one of the new techniques in cases where a large number of analyses is required.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1985

Comparative study of intravenous, nasal, oral and buccal TRH administration among healthy subjects.

Four different modes of TRH application (400 micrograms iv, 1 mg nasal, 10 mg buccal and 40 mg oral) were investigated in young healthy subjects for evaluation of thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) stimulation. Plasma TSH, PRL, T4, T3, thyroxine-binding-globulin (TBG) were measured by radioimmunoassay. There were significant increases of TSH and PRL following TRH stimulation by all test forms. Bolus injection of TRH led to maximal TSH and PRL plasma levels within 20 min to 30 min, compared with 30 min to 45 min following nasal administration. Buccal and oral application produced more prolonged TSH and PRL increases, achieving plateau levels after 120 min to 180 min. Stimulated PRL levels were higher in women than in men. Uniformity of PRL response was better after iv or nasal than buccal and oral TRH stimulation. Known side effects were lower after nasal than iv TRH application. Buccal and oral administration provoked no side effects. Nasal TRH application seems to be a well suited test form for TSH and PRL stimulation.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1985

Inflammation-mediated osteopenia in the rat: the effects of artificial granuloma and sham operation on cortical and trabecular bone.

Recent studies have established that generalized loss of trabecular bone occurs in the growing rat following day-to-day inflammatory irritation for a period of 3 wk. We can now demonstrate that there are similar effects on bone in milder but more prolonged chronic inflammation (14 wk). Thus, there were significant decreases in trabecular bone mass as well as in cortical bone after weekly subcutaneous injections or implantations of nonspecific irritants. Osteopenia, induced by a single but extensive inflammatory lesion, remained apparent even 14 wk after induction. This indicates that inflammation-mediated osteopenia is at least incompletely reversible. A less pronounced but similar reduction of cortical and trabecular bone was observed in rats following sham operation. This might be of importance in all animal studies on bone metabolism that include surgical procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Pheochromocytoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia.

Three patients with a surgically confirmed and 1 with suspected pheochromocytoma as part of the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type II are presented. Pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) as well as other tumors are part of this heritable entity. Three cases were members of a MEN IIa family and 1 patient has suffered from a sporadic form of MEN IIb. Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed by screening procedures (catecholamine screening, computerized tomography, sonography or selective venous catheterization). In 2 of the patients there was no clinical manifestation of the pheochromocytoma. On three occasions MTC was diagnosed first, the thyroid tumor occurred prior to the pheochromocytoma by 7, 6, and 1/2 years. Pheochromocytoma occurred bilaterally in 2 patients, in 1 it is suspected in both adrenals.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Paget's disease of bone in West Germany. Prevalence and distribution.

In the region of Baden-Württemberg, 6751 doctors (general practitioners, internists, surgeons, and orthopedists) were asked to report on patients in their practice with Paget's disease of bone. Two hundred forty-nine doctors reported on 325 cases of Paget's disease, half of which were regarded as needing treatment. Since the authors' unit received 47 Paget patients in Baden-Württemberg and about half of them were registered during the investigation, it can be concluded that around 300 patients with clinically significant disease needing treatment are known. They represented only 0.25% of an estimated 120,000 cases of Paget's disease in people older than 40 years of age expected among the 4.03 million people of this age group. Analysis of the epidemiologic data from 103 cases of Paget's disease of bone revealed an equal sex distribution (51 men and 52 women), but age at diagnosis was about one decade earlier in men. The anatomic distribution showed most often involvement of pelvic bones, followed by femora, calvarium, tibiae, and lumbar vertebrae. Right-sided preference was not evident, but the distribution favors the suggestion that physical stress may be a factor or cofactor in the clinical manifestations of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Graves' ophthalmopathy, ocular myasthenia gravis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

A case of Graves' ophthalmopathy, ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is presented, an association that has not been previously reported. A 22-year-old woman presented with exophthalmos and a normal-sized thyroid. Four years later, shortly after delivery of her second child, ocular MG developed. Twenty years after her initial symptoms, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and mild hypothyroidism were diagnosed. Treatment of the latter brought about marked improvement of the ophthalmoplegia. The differential diagnosis of ophthalmoplegia is discussed, and the importance of recognizing and treating hypothyroidism in MG is emphasized. Since Hashimoto's thyroiditis as well as MG have an abnormality of T-lymphocyte regulatory function, and the autoimmune process is directed in both diseases against cell membrane receptors, they can be considered as pathogenetically related. The reported case exemplifies this association.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[EMG and evoked potentials in adrenomyeloneuropathy].

In a 31 year old patient with adrenocortical gland insufficiency and minor clinical signs of involvement of peripheral and central nervous system an adrenoleucodystrophy was diagnosed, based upon the characteristic elevation of hexacosanoic acid in plasma. The motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities in upper and lower extremities were markedly reduced; in accordance, the somatosensory evoked potentials showed distinct reduction in the peripheral part. In contrast, the interpeak latencies N 20 - NSEP 3 (median nerve) and N 22 - P 40 (tibial nerve) were in the upper normal range, so that a damage of the central sensory system could not be evaluated. The visual and brainstem acoustic evoked potentials were a little prolonged. The problems in differential diagnosis of this form of adrenoleucodystrophy, which especially involves the peripheral nervous system, are discussed.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1985

[Experiences with nifedipine in the treatment of acute hypertension in childhood].

The efficacy of Nifedipine (N) as an antihypertensive drug was assessed in 4 children aged 6-12 years with acute severe hypertension. In one child with a hypertensive encephalopathy N 10 mg administered sublingually in addition to other antihypertensive drugs caused a prompt fall in blood pressure followed by a rapid clinical improvement. In the other 3 children N 10 mg reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 13.7% and 16.4% respectively. This antihypertensive action lasted for about 3-4 hours and was associated with an increase in heart rate by 11.5%. The antihypertensive effects of N are positively related to pretreatment blood pressure. These results provide support that N is a safe and effective drug for controlling blood pressure also in hypertensive emergencies of children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Parathyroid carcinoma].

The parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. It deserves special attention in regard to diagnosis and treatment. Within a period of 10 years we observed 117 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) at the University Hospitals of Ulm and Heidelberg. In five patients a parathyroid carcinoma was found, corresponding to an incidence of 4.4%. In four of five patients no clinical signs were evident preoperatively indicating a parathyroid malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Calcitonin: analgesic effects.

Animal experiments demonstrate that the intracerebro-ventricular administration of calcitonin induces analgesia. During the treatment of such diseases as osteitis deformans Paget and acute pancreatitis with calcitonin no spectacular pain-relieving effect was evident, but the application of calcitonin in hypercalcemic patients with bone tumors led to considerable pain relief. Recent double-blind studies document the analgesic effectiveness of calcitonin in malignant diseases, but also against postoperative pains in nontumor patients. Calcitonin as an analgesic drug deserves further investigation.

Calcitonin↗
PubMed1984

Importance of early diagnosis and follow-up in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN II B).

Three patients with a sporadic form of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) IIb are presented. MEN IIb is the association of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC), pheochromocytoma and multiple mucosal neuromata. The age at diagnosis and primary therapy of MTC was relatively late (8, 16, 18 years) although thyroid enlargement (two cases), typical marfanoid habitus (two cases) or multiple mucosal neuromata (one case) had been evident since early childhood. The diagnosis was confirmed by measurements of tumour markers like calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for MTC, measurements of vanillylmandelic acid for pheochromocytoma, evaluation of the thyroid gland by sonography, scintigraphy and fine needle biopsy, and investigation of the adrenals by computer tomography and meta-(I-131) iodobenzylguanidine (I-131-MIBG) scintigraphy. After surgical treatment determinations of tumour markers confirmed relapses of MTC in all cases. Early diagnosis of MEN IIb, which could be made by recognition of the typical clinical appearance, is of special importance because of the poor prognosis of MTC.

Adolescent↗