12 colostomized laying hybrids with an 81% laying performance received 36 g wheat containing a 15N excess (15N') of 14.37 atom-% in a customary ration over 4 days. The wheat lysine contained 13.58 atom-% 15N', the histidine 14.38 and the arginine 13.63 atom-% 15N'. In the 4-day period of 15N' application 540 mg 15N', 18.1 mg lysine 15N', 21.5 mg histidine 15N' and 47.9 mg arginine 15N' were consumed per hen. Subsequently the animals received the same ration with unlabelled wheat. 12 h, 36 h, 60 h and 108 h after the last 15N' application 3 animals each were butchered. The atom-% 15N' of the lysine was below that of the two other basic and of the non-basic amino acids. The labelling of the amino acids of the white of egg decreased rapidly 2 days after the 15N' application. The atom-% of the 15N' of the yolk of egg, however, increased after the discontinuation and remained the same for 4 days after the last 15N' application. The 14N and 15N' amounts measured in the complete experiment period are distributed over the 3 basic and the 12 non-basic (excluding thioamino acids) amino acids in the white of egg for 14N as 25.0%: 57.6% and for 15N' as 18.2%: 57.5%. In the yolk of egg 28.5% 14N for the basic and 56.8% for the non-basic amino acids could be calculated; the corresponding values for 15N' were 17.8% and 55.5%.

Amino Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of straw meal on the crude protein and amino acid metabolism and the digestibility of crude nutrients in broiler breeding hens. 3. Digestibility of amino acids].

In two experiments with colostomized broiler hens the influence of a straw meal supplement on the apparent digestibility of the amino acids of the ration and the 15N labelled basic amino acids in wheat was studied. In experiment 1 the animals received 120 g mixed feed plus 0, 20, 30 and 40 g straw meal per animal and day. The digestibility of the amino acids decreased on average from 86% to 83%, 80% and 79% with the growing straw intake. In contrast to the control variant, 20 g straw meal intake resulted in a significant decrease of digestibility for lysine, histidine, glycine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, cystine and methionine. 30 and 40 g straw meal reduced significantly the digestibility of all amino acids with the exception of arginine. The amino acid composition of the crude protein in faeces changed only very slightly due to the straw supplement. In experiment 2 15N labelled wheat was a component of the ration. Of the 15N labelled amino acids lysine, histidine and arginine, 88, 90 and 95% were apparently digested. The adaptation of the animals to straw meal intake did not change the digestibility of the amino acids.

Amino Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of different levels of soybean extract meal on the apparent digestibility of crude nutrients and amino acids in colostomized laying hens].

Four colostomized laying hens per group were given a ration of barley and soya bean oil meal (SBM) with 12.5, 25.0 and 37.5% SBM resp. The crude protein intakes were 14.0, 17.7 and 21.4 g per animal and day. The lysine intake raised from 681 mg (group 1) to 1275 mg (group 3) per animal and day. The digestibility of dry matter and of the N-free extracts of the ration decreased with the rising SBM portion in the ration. The digestibility of crude protein remained constant. The investigated amino acids (Lys, His, Arg, Cys, Met) were higher digested in the 37.5% SBM ration than in the 12.5% SBM ration. The following digestibility values for SBM were found by means of the difference method: Dry matter 52.5%, crude protein 83.1%, crude fat 51.7%, crude fibre 5.5%, N-free extracts 50.6%. The level of the SBM did not influence the digestibility of the crude nutrients. The apparent digestibility of lysine from SBM depended on the level of intake and was found to be 82.3, 83.4 and 89.0%, resp. There were no differences in the digestibility of other amino acids.

Amino Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A method for the polarographic measurement of oxygen solubility coefficients in hydrous solutions of electrolytes (author's transl)].

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Electrolytes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The distribution space of physically dissolved oxygen in aqueous solutions of organic substances].

In order to evaluate the distribution of molecular oxygen in biological systems, the oxygen solubility (ml/ml atm) at 37 degrees C in aqueous solutions of thirty organic substances with different concentrations was measured by the classical Van Slyke principle. The oxygen solubility always (with the exception of hemoglobin) decreases exponentially with increasing concentration of the respective substance. In all cases this behavior is described highly significant by a simple empiric exponential function, when the substance concentration as well as the oxygen solubility of pure water is given. The influence of one substance on oxygen solubility contributes additively to the over-all solubility value of a solution of several dissolved substances. Changes in oxygen, solubility and, therefore, oxygen distribution in aqueous solutions may be related to three main phenomena: 1. restriction of the free water volume by the specific partial volume of a dissolved substance (e.g. urea solutions), 2. existence of non-solvent water for oxygen especially in solutions of amino acids), 3. adsorption of oxygen at the interphase in a heterogenous system (e.g. protein solutions).

Amino Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The determination of the rate of protein synthesis of the whole body of growing broilers].

The purpose of the investigations was to prove a method, developed for monogastric mammalians, based on a 3-compartment-model and assuming a proportional growth of the pools of total N, whether it is applicable to growing poultry. The tracer, 15N-L-lysine, was given quasi-continuously for four days. In this time and in the following period of five days without tracer intake, the 15N-excretion in the urine was measured. The average of the live weight of the broiler cockerels was 1724 g. The animals were obliged to be colostomized to sample the urine. Using the fluxes of lysine, the calculation of the whole body protein synthesis rate yields 64.1 g/d. The protein degradation rate yields 54.4 g/d. The adequate values of the fractional rates of protein synthesis and -degradation for the whole body (without feathers) were 23.3% respectively 19.8%. By this it is clearly shown, that the applied method gives real dates of the parameters of the N-metabolism for growing broilers, which are in the range of values for muscle proteins and proteins of the whole body of growing poultry, published by other authors.

Animal Feed↗