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Biomedical subjects

R Zachoval

Publications and source records attributed to R Zachoval.

84 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Hepatitis B vaccine trial in healthy adults - an immunogenicity study (author's transl)].

The clinical and immunological response in healthy adults to active and passive - active immunization with a vaccine prepared from purified HBsAg (Merck Sharp and Dohme) in combination with a hepatitis B immune serum globulin (HBIG) were determined and compared with each other. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group I received 3 doses of vaccine (20 micrograms per dose) at 0, 1 and 6 months, group II received in addition with the first dose of vaccine 3 ml of HBIG and group III received HBIG together with the first and the second doses of vaccine. No serious side effects were seen during the observation period. Antibody response was comparable in all three groups after 6 months, showing that the passive antibodies did not interfere with active antibody formation. Our results also prove the safety and efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine and establish the feasibility of passive-active immunization.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1981

Immunoglobulin M antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen: evaluation of enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection.

In acute and chronic hepatitis B, antibodies of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) class against the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgM) have been demonstrated. For the determination of anti-HBc IgM, a sensitive enzyme immunoassay with anti-mu-coated flat-bottomed microtiter plates is described and evaluated. The specificity of the anti-HBc IgM test system was proven by pretreatment of presumed anti-HBc IgM-positive samples with anti-mu to block anti-HBc IgM. The test system was highly sensitive. In the acute stage of hepatitis B, anti-HBc IgM could be demonstrated in serum dilutions up to 10(-7) (mean titer, 10(-5)), and in sera from patients with chronic hepatitis B, the mean titer was 10(-3). In a study of unselected patients whose sera were sent at irregular intervals for testing, anti-HBc IgM persisted in a high percentage (52%) for at least 13 to 18 months after onset of illness despite the fact that these patients eliminated hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and produced antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs). By using the anti-HBc IgM test as an additional aid in the diagnosis of acute HBsAg-negative hepatitis, the hepatitis B etiology could be established in 13 of 42 patients (31.4%). Investigations of the prevalence of anti-HBc IgM in different groups of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection showed 89.4% anti-HBc IgM-positive results in patients with chronic active hepatitis B, 60% in patients with HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis, 58.2% in patients with primary liver carcinoma and markers of hepatitis B infections, and 34.9% in healthy carriers of HBsAg.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with Hodgkin's disease.

This is a report on a 78-year-old patient with Hodgkin's disease of mixed cell type in stage III B, who, because of his age, underwent only mild cytostatic therapy. Two months after beginning of treatment, cerebellar neurological symptoms developed. He died of bronchopneumonia 3 months later. At autopsy progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with multiple demyelinated areas in the cerebellum was established. Paracristallinic structures within nuclei of glial cells resembling papovavirus formations were detected by electron microscopy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis A infection in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus.

By routine screening for serologic markers of hepatitis A and B in patients with acute hepatitis, 30 chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus with serologic evidence of acute hepatitis A and two patients with simultaneous acute infection with hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus were detected. For evaluation of clinical data, two major risk groups were distinguished. Nine patients were drug addicts and 17 were children and young adults from Mediterranean countries or southeast Asia. During the acute phase of illness, serum bilirubin and SGPT levels did not differ from those in other patients with acute hepatitis A. In three patients for whom follow-up sera were available, HBsAg concentration decreased during the acute stage of hepatitis A.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HIV antigen, HIV antibody and serum interferon in a patient with encephalopathy.

Acute encephalopathy was associated with the presence of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV I) antigen and seroconversion to anti-HIV I in a 27-year-old homosexual man. Examination of consecutive sera from the patient revealed circulating interferon (IFN) alpha which became detectable with the appearance of HIV I antigen but before development of anti-HIV I. Serum IFN was present for only a limited time and was not demonstrable after neurological symptoms resolved. It may be speculated that circulating antiviral activity contributed to the clinical manifestations of acute HIV I infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗