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Biomedical subjects

R Y Foos

Publications and source records attributed to R Y Foos.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Vitreous in lattice degeneration of retina.

A localized pocket of missing vitreous invariably overlies lattice degeneration of the retina. Subjects with lattice also have a higher rate of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, which is usually a complication of retinal tears. The latter are in turn a result of alterations in the central vitreous--that is, synchysis senilis leading to posterior vitreous detachment. In order to determine if there is either an association or a deleterious interaction between the local and central lesions of the vitreous in eyes with lattice, a comparison was made in autopsy eyes with and without lattice the degree of synchysis and rate of vitreous detachment. Results show no association between the local and central vitreous lesions, indicating that a higher rate of vitreous detachment is not the basis for the higher rate of retinal detachment in eyes with lattice. Also, there was no suggestion of deleterious interaction between the local and central vitreous lesions, either through vitreodonesis as a basis for precocious vitreous detachment, or through a greater degree of synchysis as a basis for interconnection of local and central lacunae (which could extend the localized retinal detachment in eyes with holes in lattice degeneration).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Retinal periphlebitis and retinitis in multiple sclerosis. I. Pathologic characteristics.

Eyes from 47 autopsy cases of multiple sclerosis were studied pathologically. Lymphocytic or granulomatous retinal periphlebitis was found in four cases (seven eyes); focal lymphocytic or granulomatous retinitis was present in three cases (five eyes). These findings were correlated with optic nerve changes (periphlebitis, neuritis, leptomeningitis, and atrophy), retinal venous sclerosis, uveitis, central nervous system involvement, clinical activity of disease at death, and with ultrastructural and immunopathological retinal findings.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of lesions predisposing to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment by race of subjects.

Because rhegmatogenous retinal detachments are thought to be much less common in blacks than in whites, we compared the incidence of various lesions known to cause or predispose to this condition (synchysis senilis, posterior vitreous detachment, breaks, tears, and holes of the peripheral fundus, and lattice degeneration of the retina) in a series of postmortem eyes on the basis of race. Our statistical analysis also included trauma, myopia, and chorioretinitis. The series included 322 black subjects and 2,012 white subjects. The subjects ranged in age from 20 to 93 years at the time of death. Although the initial data showed a racial difference in the incidence of synchysis senilis of grade 3 (50% destruction) or higher and posterior vitreous detachment (P = .033 and P = .021, respectively), we found no difference when the data were age-corrected.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ocular manifestations.

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a recently described disorder of cellular immunity in homosexuals, intravenous drug abusers, and Haitians. Manifestations include Kaposi's sarcoma, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and other opportunistic infections. Ophthalmic and autopsy examinations of 30 patients at UCLA revealed frequent ocular abnormalities. Findings included cotton-wool spots (16 patients), cytomegalovirus retinitis (eight patients), conjunctivitis and keratitis (four patients), conjunctival Kaposi's sarcoma (three patients), Mycobacterium avium intracellulare choroidal granulomas (one patient), and retinal periphlebitis (one patient). We feel that the presence of cotton-wool spots in patients with this syndrome indicates a poor prognosis. Immunologic and electronmicroscopic studies of cotton-wool spots revealed no infectious agents or immunoglobulin deposition. Cytomegalovirus retinitis always was associated with a fatal outcome. The retinitis was characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction in 50% of patients. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the syndrome and its ocular manifestations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Detection of cytoplasmic S-100 protein in primary and metastatic intraocular melanomas.

The authors sought S-100 protein in sections cut from formalin- or glutaraldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors from the eye and other sites by an immunoperoxidase technique, using rabbit antibovine S-100 protein antiserum, swine antirabbit serum, a peroxidase-antiperoxidase preparation, and amino-ethylcarbizole as developer. Tissue from 26 intraocular tumors was examined, the pathologic diagnosis being unknown to the investigators at that time that the tests were performed. Thirteen of 16 malignant melanomas of the choroid contained S-100 protein (81%), while only one of seven retinoblastomas contained S-100 protein (14%). One cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the eye contained S-100 protein, while none of three metastatic nonmelanocytic, nonneural tumors contained the protein. These results are similar to our findings with nonocular tumors, in which 56 of 56 cutaneous melanomas contained S-100 protein (100%) and only 1 of 51 nonneural, nonmelanocytic tumors contained S-100 protein (2%). S-100 protein may be useful as a marker for ocular malignant melanoma.

Eye Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Chorioretinal juncture. Vascularization of Bruch's membrane in peripheral fundus.

Pathologic changes in chorioretinal juncture (pigment epithelium, drusen, Bruch's membrane, and choriocapillaris) were studied in the peripheral fundus of eyes removed at autopsy and surgically enucleated eyes by gross, light microscopic, and electron microscopic methods. Vascularization of Bruch's membrane (VBM) occurred in 430 (43%) of eyes at autopsy, was age related, and was most common in the ora zone and temporal sectors; a significant correlation was found with systemic oligemic conditions. Vascularization of Bruch's membrane occurs in the inner collagenous layer of the membrane, which always demonstrates collagenous thickening and often shows intrusion of interstitial-type cells; the vessels emanate from adjacent pars plana. While many degenerative changes of the pigment epithelium accompany VBM, only direct ophthalmoscopic visualization of linear-dendritic depigmentation of overlying pigment epithelium provides diagnostic evidence of vessels. Thus, VBM seems pathogenically related to the fact that the peripheral fundus is a vascular watershed and is selectively vulnerable to senile involutional changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Vitreoretinal juncture. Synchysis senilis and posterior vitreous detachment.

A quantitative study of synchysis senilis of vitreous and a statistical evaluation of its relationship to posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was performed in eyes of 2,246 autopsied subjects (4,492 eyes); cases in which there was any cause for synchysis or PVD except senescence were excluded. Synchysis was graded 0 through 6 according to degree of destruction as judged by the technique of suspension-in-air; synchysis increased with age (P less than 0.00005). PVD was also age-related, becoming notable in the seventh decade (27%) and reached a zenith in the eighth (63%). When the rate of PVD for each grade of synchysis was plotted, there was a significant upturn between synchysis grades 3 (50% destruction) and 4 (67%) (P less than 0.00005); this trend was also evident when age was considered. These quantitative data reaffirm the role of synchysis in rhegmatogenous PVD and suggest that the vitreous of human eye can tolerate only a given degree of synchysis before some event, possibly related to vitreous instability, initiates PVD.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Chorioretinal juncture. Pigmentary patterns of the peripheral fundus.

Pigmentary patterns of the peripheral fundus were studied in 1000 consecutive eyes obtained from 487 autopsy cases in which both eyes were available and 26 surgical cases in which one eye was available (513 subjects). Seven macroscopically defined patterns were identified: linear, dusting, spicular, granular, clumping, and reticular pigmentation and tapetochoroidal hypopigmentation. Each was further characterized topographically (zone and quadrant) and histopathologically. The pattern seen most frequently was granular; it appeared in association most often with dusting, the next most frequently occurring pattern of pigmentation. Frequency of each pattern increased with age, except for reticular pattern, in which the number of cases was too small to permit meaningful analysis. Granular pattern was seen significantly more often in black patients and tapetochoroidal hypopigmentation significantly more often in white patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Dominant retinitis pigmentosa. A clinicopathologic correlation.

Autopsy and clinical studies were performed in a family with dominantly inherited retinitis pigmentosa. The eyes of two senior members of the family were obtained for histopathologic study, while three other family members were studied clinically. All family members studied had visual field loss, nyctalopia, and a spectrum of pigmentary disruption. There was variable expressivity of pigmentary migration, foveal atrophic changes, surface wrinkling retinopathy, choriocapillaris atrophy, drusen, vitreous synchysis, and optic pallor. Three specific zones of retinal and retinal pigment epithelial changes were identified histopathologically. A clinicopathologic correlation is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Small malignant melanoma of the choroid with extraocular extension.

A disciform macular lesion in the hyperpigmented eye of a patient with melanosis oculi demonstrated slowly progressive increase in size during eight years. Clinical observation and serial fundus photography indicated increase in anteroposterior thickness of the lesion to 2.0 mm and in greatest diameter from 3.5 to 6.0 mm. Subsequent echography revealed an overall anteroposterior dimension of 3.4 mm and an increase to 5.5 mm in 20 months. Enucleation of the affected eye with the intact extraocular tumor mass and a local tenonectomy demonstrated a choroidal malignant melanoma of the epithelioid cell type with extraocular extension, peripapillary scleral infiltration, focal invasion of the juxtalaminar optic nerve, and tumor cells in the subarachnoid space. This experience emphasizes the importance of echography in the periodic evaluation of small choroidal malignant melanomas to detect growth not apparent by ophthalmoscopy.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Myelinated retinal nerve fibers.

In a series of 3,968 consecutive autopsies, myelinated nerve fibers of the retina were presented in 39 (0.98%) cases and bilateral in three (7.7%) affected cases; thus, 42 (0.54%) of the 7,936 eyes examined were affected. Myelinated nerve fiber lesions appeared as white or gray-white striated patches corresponding in shape to the distribution of retinal nerve fibers and demonstrated frayed borders. Myelinated retinal nerve fibers were continuous with the optic nerve head in 14 (33%) and discontinuous with the optic nerve head in 28 (66%) affected eyes. By light microscopy and electron microscopy, myelinated retinal fibers were marked by a ganglion cell axon surrounded by concentric lipoprotein lamellae that formed the myelin sheath. Glial cells were often prominent near the myelin sheaths, but other components of the sensory retina were morphologically normal. Clinically, 32 patients with myelinated retinal nerve fibers had comparable overall features, visual field defects less extensive than expected on the basis of ophthalmoscopic appearance, and normal findings on fluorescein angiography. Four patients had a syndrome characterized by ipsilateral extensive myelinated retinal nerve fibers, anisometropic myopia, amblyopia, and strabismus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Traumatic pigmentary retinopathy.

A 56-year-old man with unilateral pigmentary retinopathy had sustained an ocular injury ten years previously. Pathologic examination of the enucleated eye disclosed a spicular pigmentary pattern of the retina in the temporal and inferior sectors. The macular region showed only selective loss of photoreceptor cells and epiretinal membrane formation. The nasal and superior sectors were unremarkable. These findings suggested that traumatic pigmentary retinopathy is not a progressive lesion that always leads to total retinal destruction.

Eye Injuries↗
PubMed1981

Melanosis oculi, small choroidal melanoma, and extraocular extension.

In a white patient with melanosis oculi, a small choroidal melanoma in the hyperpigmented eye was observed for 8 years before enucleation. An important factor in the decision to enucleate was echographic evidence of extraocular tumor extension. Histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of a small choroidal melanoma (with an intraocular tumor volume of about 60 mm3), scleral tumor infiltration, and extrascleral tumor extension. Discussion considered the reported association of melanosis oculi with uveal melanoma in white patients, the extremely important role of echography in the management of even small choroidal melanomas, and the significance of extraocular tumor extension.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Tapioca melanoma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Eye Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Familial Nevus of Ota.

A white family with three generations (one by history) showing the clinical picture of nevus of Ota is presented. In the two generations examined, no evidence of uveal malignant melanoma was found. This is the first such family reported in the English literature and the fifth family in the world literature. It shows the importance of a good family history in dealing with a patient with a nevus of Ota. Affected family members should be examined carefully to rule out uveal malignant melanoma until the questions surrounding its reported association with nevus of Ota can be resolved.

Aged↗