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Biomedical subjects

R Y Foos

Publications and source records attributed to R Y Foos.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Dual infection of retina with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus.

We examined retinal tissue from eight human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex for evidence of dual infection with HIV-1 and cytomegalovirus. Culture demonstrated simultaneous infection with HIV-1 and cytomegalovirus in two of 13 retinal specimens. This was confirmed by both immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, coinfection of individual cells with cytomegalovirus and HIV-1 was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Infection of retina with cytomegalovirus or HIV-1 alone occurred in one and six of the 13 retinal specimens, respectively. HIV-1 antigens were present on scattered cells in all layers of the retina and on retinal vascular endothelium. HIV-1 was isolated from retinal tissue derived from eyes both with and without gross ocular lesions. Cytomegalovirus antigens were found in all layers of the retina, but not on vascular endothelial cells. The atypically rapid clinical progression of retinitis in one of the patients with dual HIV-1 and cytomegalovirus infection suggests the possibility that interactions between these two viruses may influence retinal disease in patients with AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1989

Keratinizing corneal intraepithelial neoplasia.

Corneal intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the term applied by some authors to the spectrum of disease ranging from mild dysplasia to carcinoma in situ. Such lesions usually are associated with dysplastic or neoplastic processes at the limbus or adjacent conjunctiva; isolated corneal dysplasia is rare. Clinically, CIN appears as a geographic, gray, translucent thickening of the epithelium with fimbriated or scalloped borders and lesions often contain scattered white dots. We report a case of intraepithelial neoplasia limited to the cornea that had the unusual clinical appearance of a white plaque, which prompted the misdiagnosis of a calcific scar. Histopathologic examination of the debrided tissue revealed intraepithelial neoplasia and marked hyperkeratosis as the cause of the opacification.

Corneal Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Traumatic dehiscence of incisions seven years after radial keratotomy.

We studied the clinical and pathologic features of a traumatically ruptured eye seven years after radial keratotomy. The radial keratotomy incisions were identified and topographically related to perforation sites. Three radial keratotomy incisions were perforated. Seven additional incisions were partially separated. Radial keratotomy incision depths ranged from 50% to 90% in the remaining incisions. All incisions showed disruption of Bowman's membrane, 15 of 16 showed malapposition of Bowman's membrane, and 14 of 16 showed epithelial plugging. In this case the healing and strength of radial keratotomy incisions were suboptimal seven years after the procedure.

Eye Injuries↗
PubMed1988

Mycobacterium fortuitum keratitis.

Two of four cases of Mycobacterium fortuitum keratitis occurred after corneal surgery with contact lens wear, one was associated with extended contact lens wear alone, and one occurred after a foreign body injury. All cases were characterized by pain, conjunctival hyperemia, stromal inflammation, and ulceration. Diagnosis was made by culture and acid-fast staining of corneal scrapings. On the basis of published experience with amikacin for the treatment of nonocular M. fortuitum infections, three patients were treated with topical amikacin. Two patients responded clinically, but histopathologic examination of a penetrating keratoplasty specimen in one of the two disclosed persistent infection. One patient was cured of early disease by debridement alone. Rapid diagnosis and absence of corticosteroid use were the two most important determinants of successful therapy. In advanced cases, infection may be cured and useful vision restored by penetrating keratoplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Quantitation of tumor seeding from fine needle aspiration of ocular melanomas.

Twenty-two fine needle (30 gauge) aspirations were performed in eyes enucleated for the clinical diagnosis of melanoma. Cytologic preparations were evaluated for adequacy of material, and needle tracts were evaluated for tumor implantation. A scleral marking method was used to identify all needle tracts. The number of tumor cells in tracts of direct transscleral aspirates was compared to those in tracts of indirect aspirates that traversed the anterior chamber or vitreous. Cellular material obtained with 30-gauge needles was sufficient for the diagnosis of malignant melanoma in all but one case. While 14 of 21 (67%) of all fine needle aspiration tracts and eight of 15 (53%) of indirect tracts contained tumor cells, the number of tumor cells was less than that associated with tumor growth in experimental models. Indirect aspirate tracts contained significantly fewer cells than tracts of direct aspirates (P less than .001).

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1988

Massive intraocular hemorrhage associated with anticoagulation and age-related macular degeneration.

The clinicopathologic correlation of three eyes with massive intraocular hemorrhage in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy is reported. All three patients were apparently predisposed because of antecedent disciform macular degeneration. The hemorrhage arose from the extrachoroidal neovascular vessels within the disciform lesions and caused rupture of the retinal pigment epithelium with massive intraocular hemorrhage. Because of the risk of vision-threatening intraocular hemorrhage, patients with exudative macular degeneration requiring anticoagulant therapy should be managed by both ophthalmologists and internists.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Detection and quantification of S-100 protein in ocular tissues and fluids from patients with intraocular melanoma.

S-100 protein is a 21,000 dalton acidic calcium-binding protein present in ocular melanomas and some normal ocular tissues. Ocular fluids and extracts of ocular tumours were examined by a sensitive radioimmunoassay that could detect less than 5 ng of S-100 protein in minute volumes of fluid. Three ocular melanoma biopsy specimens had S-100 protein at levels between 25 and 1300 ng/ml, comparable to that found in a cutaneous melanoma biopsy specimen (1000 ng/ml). (SI conversion: ng/ml = microgram/l.) Six melanoma culture lines had 1000 to 125,000 ng/ml. Four lymphoblastoid cultures had less than 2 ng/ml, and three colon carcinoma cultures had 180 ng/ml. Subretinal fluid from 23 melanoma-containing eyes had 10 to 76,800 ng/ml. Lesser amounts were found in eyes with small, anteriorly located, lightly pigmented tumours. Vitreous from 3 melanoma-containing eyes had 10,000 to 11,000 ng/ml. Vitreous obtained from three eyes during tractional retinal detachment repair had 500 to 1600 ng/ml, and vitreous obtained at necropsy from six normal eyes had 2 to 120 ng/ml. Aqueous from six melanoma-containing eyes had 10 to 30 ng/ml, levels not significantly different from those observed in three normal eyes (80-120 ng/ml). This approach provides new insight into the interaction of ocular tumours and adjacent ocular fluids and may, with more specific tumour markers, have diagnostic applications.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1987

Clinicopathologic findings in anterior hyaloidal fibrovascular proliferation after diabetic vitrectomy.

Two young patients (27 and 30 years old, respectively) with long-standing diabetes mellitus underwent vitreoretinal surgery for traction retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage. The postoperative course in each was characterized by early recurrence of the hemorrhage into the vitreous cavity, hypotony, and severe visual loss. Histopathologic examination of both operated on eyes showed anterior extraretinal fibrovascular proliferation extending along the anterior hyaloid to the posterior lens surface, causing traction detachments of the peripheral retina and ciliary body. The vessels originated from the anterior retina. There was no evidence of excess fibrous tissue at the well-healed sclerotomy wounds.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Miliary retinitis in coccidioidomycosis.

We studied the pathologic features of a rare case of coccidioidomycosis retinitis in a 12-year-old girl. At autopsy there were multiple small lesions throughout the vital organs. Ocular lesions were restricted to the posterior part of the fundus. Step-level serial sectioning including the optic axes of both eyes showed 29 discrete retinal and 22 choroidal granulomas. Topographic analysis demonstrated random distribution of lesions throughout the fundus. Retinal granulomas were centered within layers served by the retinal circulation. Choroidal lesions most often involved the middle vascular layer and in only two areas focally disrupted Bruch's membrane. The pigment epithelium was intact. Retinal granulomas were not topographically associated with choroidal lesions.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Drusen of the optic disk in retinitis pigmentosa.

To clarify the nature of mulberry-like excresences of the optic disk, we histopathologically studied the eye of a 66-year-old woman with retinitis pigmentosa. Examination showed that the optic nerve excresences were ordinary drusen and not hamartomas. There was a marked predisposition to mineralization of other intraocular structures.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Mooren's ulcer after penetrating keratoplasty.

Seventeen months after penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, a patient developed severe pain and a peripheral corneal ulcer that had the characteristic clinical appearance of a Mooren's ulcer. We performed a 10-mm penetrating keratoplasty that extended from the superior margin of the previously placed graft to the inferior corneoscleral limbus to encompass the ulcerated cornea. Histopathologic examination of tissue removed at surgery disclosed that the peripheral corneal ulcer extended nearly through the entire stromal thickness and that the donor corneal stroma adjacent to the ulcer was infiltrated with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils. The conjunctiva adjacent to the peripheral corneal ulcer was packed with plasma cells and also showed some lymphocytes and neutrophils.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Ocular pathologic findings in neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

Ocular pathology in a case of neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) showed marked degeneration of photoreceptor cells throughout the retina including the macula. Macroscopically visible white opacities in the cortical vitreous of the posterior fundus were shown immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally to be macrophages containing bileaflet inclusions, a finding previously unreported. Additional findings included extensive loss of the retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers, optic nerve degeneration, and bileaflet inclusions in retinal pigment epithelial cells and macrophages of the retina and optic nerve. Focal retinal pigmentary changes were observed that histologically were different from retinitis pigmentosa.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1987

Pathologic features of cytomegalovirus retinopathy after treatment with the antiviral agent ganciclovir.

Ganciclovir is a new antiviral compound (also called BW B759U, DHPG, BIOLF-62, and 2'NDG) that has been used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinopathy in immunocompromised patients (bone marrow recipients or acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS] victims). The authors studied the eyes of three AIDS patients with CMV retinopathy who died while receiving ganciclovir chemotherapy. Gross, microscopic, and ultrastructural studies of these cases showed varying degrees of retinal scarring and active CMV lesions at the margins of the scars. CMV antigens were localized in cells at all layers of retina at the border of the lesions and in isolated cells in a perivascular location within histologically normal appearing retina. These areas probably represent sites of recrudescence when the drug is discontinued. In situ hybridization using a cloned complementary DNA (cDNA) probe of human CMV corroborated the immunocytologic localization of the virus. Ultrastructural studies showed megalic syncytial cells containing mostly capsids exclusively in the cell nucleus. The cytoplasmic electron-dense membrane-bound bodies that have characterized untreated cases of CMV retinopathy were absent in the treated cases. An attempt to isolate CMV in tissue culture from the vitreous and retina of one of the cases yielded a negative result. Our results indicate that ganciclovir does not effectively eliminate CMV from the retina nor does it suppress expression of all viral genes. Ganciclovir appears to function by limiting viral DNA synthesis and subsequent packaging of viral DNA into infectious units, thereby acting as a virostatic chemotherapeutic agent.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Retinopathy of prematurity. Pathologic correlation of clinical stages.

This article details the pathologic features of recently described clinical stages of vitreoretinopathy associated with premature birth in humans, beginning with a review of retinal angiogenesis in humans and then of the five stages of retinopathy of prematurity, with a description of paramount clinical feature in each stage and then corresponding pathologic changes. The article concludes with a consideration of arrested and reactivated retinopathy.

Humans↗