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Biomedical subjects

R Y Ball

Publications and source records attributed to R Y Ball.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Immunoreactivity for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and its receptor, met, in human lung carcinomas and malignant mesotheliomas.

Paraffin sections from 29 lung carcinomas (28 primary and 1 metastatic) and 9 pleural malignant mesotheliomas were immunostained with antisera to human hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and its receptor, met. For HGF/SF, immunoreactivity was demonstrated in all 9 mesotheliomas, 9 of 12 adenocarcinomas, and 7 of 10 squamous cell carcinomas. None of seven cases of small cell anaplastic carcinoma was positive. The adenocarcinomas frequently showed enhanced luminal staining, suggesting possible secretion of HGF/SF, and this pattern of staining was also seen occasionally in bronchial epithelium adjacent to the tumour. Stromal fibroblasts also showed immunoreactivity for HGF/SF in 6/8 cases of mesothelioma but in only 3/12 adenocarcinomas, 1/10 squamous cell carcinomas, and 1/4 small cell anaplastic carcinomas. All tumours stained for met, usually strongly. The staining was mainly cytoplasmic in nature, but some plasma membrane staining was usually evident. Adenocarcinomas showed strong luminal membrane staining, as did adjacent, histologically normal bronchial epithelium. This study demonstrates the presence of HGF/SF and met in most of the tumour types described, particularly mesotheliomas, and suggests that the HGF/SF/met signalling system may play a role in the development of these tumours, either by autocrine or by paracrine mechanisms.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Adenocarcinoma of the breast metastatic to benign ovarian fibroma.

An elderly woman presenting with a perforated benign gastric peptic ulcer was found to have widespread dissemination of breast carcinoma. Several small discrete metastases were present within a large benign ovarian fibroma. The rare phenomenon of tumor-to-tumor metastasis is discussed in the context of ovarian pathology.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor is present in most pleural effusion fluids from cancer patients.

Pleural effusion samples were obtained from 55 patients with malignant disease, including patients with primary lung cancers and those with a variety of other tumours metastatic to the pleura. The effusions were assayed for the presence of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), by both ELISA and bioassay. The presence of malignant cells in the effusions was also assessed. Detectable amounts of the factor, as judged by both criteria, were found in over 90% of all the effusions, including those from patients with a wide variety of carcinomas and also lymphomas. A wide range of HGF/SF levels were found for all tumour classes, some effusions containing high levels above 4 ng ml-1. It is concluded that tumours within the pleura and adjacent lung tissue are usually exposed to biologically significant levels of HGF/SF.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Intimal sarcoma of the right brachiocephalic vein presenting as the superior vena caval syndrome.

A case of an 84 year old man presenting with obstruction of the superior vena cava caused by an intimal sarcoma of the right brachiocephalic vein is reported. The tumour morphology was similar to intimal sarcomas arising in major arteries, a more common primary site, and showed malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like features. Immunohistochemistry was suggestive of myofibroblastic differentiation.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Evidence that the death of macrophage foam cells contributes to the lipid core of atheroma.

Sections of human atherosclerotic lesions of different stages show that, in early lesions, the acellular lipid core is usually immediately adjacent to the deepest edge of a collection of macrophage foam cells. Advanced lesions with a large lipid core have variable numbers of macrophage foam cells, close to the lateral edges, or shoulders, of the core. In both early and advanced lesions, some of the macrophages nearest the core appear to be dying. Lipid cores contain two materials which in earlier lesions are found only in macrophages, namely ceroid and CD68 antigen, but do not contain recognisable smooth muscle cell actin. It is concluded that death of macrophage foam cells contributes to the origin and slow enlargement of the lipid core. The cause of macrophage death is not yet certain, but is under investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Nuclear and cytoplasmic bcl-2 expression in endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma.

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene, which inhibits programmed cell death (apoptosis), has recently been found to be cyclically expressed in human endometrium. In order to investigate its role in endometrial hyperplasia and neoplasia, bcl-2 expression was studied in 25 cases of endometrial carcinoma and 20 cases of endometrial hyperplasia (eight simple, two complex, and ten atypical hyperplasias). Uniform intense cytoplasmic bcl-2 expression was found in all cases of non-atypical hyperplasia, and less strong positivity in eight out of ten cases of atypical hyperplasia. In well-differentiated carcinomas, nine out of ten showed weak to moderate bcl-2 expression, whereas six out of seven poorly differentiated carcinomas were bcl-2-negative. Moderately differentiated tumours were an intermediate group, with six out of eight being positive. Widespread localization of bcl-2 protein to the chromosomes of dividing cells was also demonstrated, regardless of cytoplasmic bcl-2 expression, with rare staining of interphase nuclei. Our findings suggest a role for bcl-2 in the natural history of endometrial neoplasia and studies are needed to determine its usefulness as a prognostic marker. The finding of bcl-2 localization to chromosomes has important implications for its mode and site of action.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the temporal bone.

Metastatic carcinoma involving the temporal bone is extremely rare. A case is reported with an unusual presentation--recurrent episodes of acute mastoiditis. Mastoid exploration and biopsy established the diagnosis. We believe this to be the first reported case to present in this manner.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1994

Basement membrane and extracellular interstitial matrix components in bladder neoplasia--evidence of angiogenesis.

Immunohistochemical studies to localise collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin and tenascin were undertaken in 59 bladder biopsies. These were non-neoplastic or contained foci of flat dysplasia or of transitional cell neoplasia. Collagen IV and laminin were reliably demonstrated in basement membranes but focal loss of reactivity for collagen IV was found in the urothelial basement membrane in some cases of inflammation, dysplasia, and non-invasive papillary transitional cell tumour. Basement membranes were rarely demonstrated around invasive transitional cell carcinomas. Fibronectin and tenascin were found in the sub-urothelial lamina propria and in some urothelial basement membranes. The stroma of invasive tumours reacted strongly for both. Increased numbers of sub-urothelial capillaries were present in association with some cases of cystitis, flat dysplasia or non-invasive transitional cell neoplasia suggesting an angiogenic stimulus in these circumstances. Immunohistochemical staining of basement membrane components is unlikely to be of value in the routine histopathological assessment of transitional cell neoplasms of the bladder.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of ras point mutations and human papillomavirus 16 and 18 in cervical carcinomata and their metastases.

Paraffin-wax-embedded samples of normal cervical tissue and of primary cervical carcinomata and nodal metastases were obtained from each of 15 patients. They were analyzed for the presence of ras point mutations and human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization to oligomer probes. Only 1 patient was found to have a ras mutation: a codon 13 mutation of Ki-ras which was present in only two lymph node metastases, but not in the primary tumor or in a third metastasis. These results suggest that ras point mutation is not a common factor in the development of primary or metastatic cervical cancer. HPV 16 was detected in 7 of the 15 patients and was present in both primary and metastatic tumors in 6 of these 7 cases. HPV 18 was not detected in any of the 15 patients. These results do not suggest a role for HPVs 16 and 18 in producing metastatic behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Epididymectomy for post-vasectomy pain: histological review.

Fifteen epididymectomies were performed on 10 patients with post-vasectomy pain and 12 specimens were available for histopathological review. The findings were compared with those in 2 groups in which epididymectomy was performed for chronic epididymo-orchitis and epididymal cysts. The results showed that 50% of the post-vasectomy group were cured by simple epididymectomy. Pathological findings revealed features of long-standing obstruction and interstitial and perineural fibrosis which may have accounted for the pain. It is important to recognise this late complication of vasectomy and, if surgery is to be performed, to include all of the distal vas and previous vasectomy site in the excision.

Adult↗