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Biomedical subjects

R Woods

Publications and source records attributed to R Woods.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The influence of metabolic variation on analgesic nephrotoxicity. Experiments with the Gunn rat.

The analgesics aspirin and paracetamol administered as single I.V. doses produce renal lesions in the homozygous Gunn rat. The lesions affect both cortex and medulla but are less severe than the renal lesions of analgesic nephropathy. By contrast the reactive compounds p-aminophenol and 5-aminosalicylic acid which are known to cause renal damage in other less susceptible strains respectively produce cortical and medullary renal lesions in homozygous Gunn rats which are as extensive as those found in patients with analgesic nephropathy. The increased frequency of renal lesions from the analgesics aspirin and paracetamol as compared to heterozygous and albino rats and the increased severity of the lesions due to p-aminophenol and 5-aminosalicylic acid is considered to be at least partly due to impaired glucuronide formation and consequent delayed excretion of nephrotoxic substances.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1981

The changing nature of pyogenic dental infections.

During the years 1978 and 1979 there has been a marked change in the proportion of bacteria isolated from dental infections compared with the ten year period to 1978. There has been a reduction in the proportion of streptococci found and an increase in the proportion of the Gram negative species encountered. There has been a steady decline in the effectiveness of penicillin although this has to some extent been offset by the introduction and widespread use of amoxycillin. The greatest change in antibiotic sensitivity has been the reduction in sensitivity to the tetracyclines.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of alveolar infections in dentistry.

A scheme for differential diagnosis of dental alveolar infections has been presented. It depends on relating clinical symptoms with bacteria causing these infections and then coupling this information with established antibiotic sensitivity patterns of these bacteria. Approaching this problem by first assessing the likely pathogen then relating it to its antibiotic sensitivity would seem to be a sound therapeutic principle. This is because antibiotic sensitivity patterns change from time to time; there are also regional and geographic differences. By first establishing whether or not the infection is streptococcal, the predominant cause of alveolar infections, the opportunity for correct use of the penicillin, in particular amoxycillin, can be introduced. It is fortunate that erythromycin has such a wide application to the pathogens of alveolar infections as where there is doubt regarding diagnosis it can in most cases be utilized effectively. It should be recognized by all practitioners treating acute infections that antibiotics can be of great benefit. They augment, but they cannot replace, sound treatment of infection using established therapeutic principles.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Soft drugs. 3. A new class of anticholinergic agents.

A new class of antimuscarinic drugs was designed and synthesized. The compounds are "soft" quaternary ammonium esters in which there is only one carbon atom separating the ester oxygen and the quaternary head. The compounds are potent anticholinergics when derived from hindered "umbrella" acids and cholinergics when derivatives of simple aliphatic acids. The more potent anticholinergics have up to 10 times higher acetylcholine antagonist activity than atropine, but they have a much shorter duration of action. The compounds cleave hydrolytically with simultaneous destruction of the quaternary head. The compounds are promising as selective, local agents, particularly as inhibitors of eccrine sweating.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1979

Sedation for dental treatment of infants. I. Physiology and pharmacology.

The principal functions of the central nervous system, the pharmacology, and the effect on the central nervous system, of a number of drugs used for a sedation technique for young children are described. This information is presented as a foundation for the application of clinical procedures.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1978

Pyogenic dental infections: a ten year review.

A review is presented of 140 cases of acute dental pyogenic infections. The type of bacteria associated with these infections and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns are discussed and related to earlier reports. The incidence of antibiotic allergy, the principal contraindication to the use of certain antibiotics, has been assessed and appropriate alternative antibiotics are considered.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Serum immunoglobulins: methods for the determination of normal values in international units.

This paper describes the proper statistical methods for the determination of the range of normal values of serum immunoglobulins in any population and for the conversion of those ranges, or any serum immunoglobulin value, from mg per ml to World Health Organization International Units. In determining the normal range, it is argued that the analysis should be based upon the logarithms of the serum immunoglobulin values and that the range of normal values about the mean should be determined by the application of tolerance limits, rather than the more familar but incorrect confidence limits. For converting normal ranges from mg per ml to International Units, methods of parallel line bioassay (for IgG and IgA) and non-linear bioassay (for IgM and IgD) are used. For both bioassay methods, graphical techniques are described.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

A community dental health project. I. Self applied SnF2-ZrSiO4 prophylactic paste and dental caries in primary school children.

A dental health programme which employed group self prophylaxis by school children aged 5-9 years is described. The group used 10 per cent SnF2-ZrSiO4 paste and was supervised within the school by an auxiliary of parents under the direction of a dentist. There was a 36 per cent reduction in DMFT increment at the end of two years in the children aged 7-9 years.

Australia↗