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Health Promotion↗
Biomedical subjects
R Wise
Publications and source records attributed to R Wise.
Pharmacokinetics of the quinolones in volunteers: a proposed dosing schedule.
The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of five quinolones into inflammatory exudate were studied in healthy volunteers. The compounds studied were norfloxacin (400 mg orally), enoxacin (400 mg intravenously and 600 mg orally), ciprofloxacin (100 mg intravenously and 500 mg orally), ofloxacin (600 mg orally), and pefloxacin (400 mg intravenous). Orally administered ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were the most rapidly absorbed (time to maximal serum level, 1.2 hours) and enoxacin the least (1.9 hours). The serum levels attained were highest in the case of ofloxacin (after an allowance was made for the higher dose administered). The serum elimination half-lives were as follows: norfloxacin, 3.75 hours; ciprofloxacin, 3.9 hours (oral) and 4.0 hours (intravenous); ofloxacin, 7.0 hours; enoxacin, 6.2 hours (oral) and 5.1 hours (intravenous); and pefloxacin, 10.5 hours. All agents penetrated well into a mild inflammatory exudate. The 24-hour recovery rate from urine was 62% for oral enoxacin, 46.4% for intravenous enoxacin (plus 12.2% for oxo-enoxacin), 27% for norfloxacin, 30.6% for oral ciprofloxacin, 75.7% for intravenous ciprofloxacin, 73% for ofloxacin, and 4.9% for pefloxacin (plus 9.2% for the norfloxacin metabolite and 17.8% for pefloxacin N-oxide). A dosing schedule for the quinolones was proposed on the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters and microbiologic activity.
Administration, Oral↗
[The postantibiotic effect of azithromycin on respiratory pathogens].
Azithromycin has in vitro activity which includes important respiratory pathogens and is successful in treatment of respiratory tract infections. We assessed postantibiotic effect (PAE) of azithromycin against 3 stains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 2 strains of Moraxella catarrhalis. The strains were exposed for 2 hours to an azithromycin concentration of 0.5 mg/L (maximum serum concentration achieved by azithromycin after the usual dosing regimen). A stationary phase inoculum of 1 x 10(6)-5 x 10(6) UFC/ml in IsoSensitest Broth with 5% lysed horse blood and 20 mg/L NAD was used and shaken for the duration of the experiment. Antibiotic was neutralised by dilution 1:1000 into pre-warmed medium. Viable counts were determined before and after antibiotic exposure and then hourly for 7 hours by Miles and Misra method. The experiment was performed in triplicate. Even at such low concentration as that achieved in serum, azithromycin exhibits a PAE of 119 min for pneumococci, 130 min for haemophili and 155 min for moraxellae, fact which could allow the use of usual oral regimen in bacteraemic respiratory infection, as well.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗