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Biomedical subjects

R Wise

Publications and source records attributed to R Wise.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Mecillinam serum levels following intravenous injection: a comparison with pivmecillinam.

Serum mecillinam concentrations have been obtained in 6 volunteers after intravenous injection of 200 mg mecillinam and two 200 mg tablets containing pivmecillinam hydrochloride. Initial concentrations were between 6 and 9 mg/1 and peak concentrations of about 2-0 mg/1 occurred at 1 to 1-5 h after the tablets. Analysis of the intravenous data shows the concentration/time curve to be biphasic and similar to that previously reported for penicillin G. The biexponential curves describing the data have been calculated using nonlin. Comparison of the areas under the serum mecillinam concentration/time curves suggests a bioavailability of 65 to 70% for the tablets. However, the two preparations contain therapeutically equivalent amounts of antibiotic, as two 200 mg tablets of pivmecillinam contain 30% more mecillinam than the 200 mg injection.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The disposition of sodium fusidate in man.

1 In a pharmacokinetic study in six volunteers serum fusidic acid concentrations were obtained after rapid intravenous administration of 100 mg. 2 Analysis of the data suggests that the serum concentration/time curve is biphasic and that the curve can be described by the following equation: cp=5.9e(-1.82t)+4.3e(-0.13t). 3 The disposition characteristics of sodium fusidate have been calculated from this relationship and a plasma half life for sodium fusidate of between 5 and 6 h obtained. 4 Subsequently plasma fusidic acid levels have been measured in the same volunteers on three occasions after sodium fusidate (500 mg) given either as a slow intravenous infusion, or orally as a capsule or as a suspension. 5 Serum levels and AUC after a capsule were about 75% of those obtained after the infusion (30 and 70 mg/1 at peak respectively) whereas levels and AUC after the suspension were only about 50%.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of three rapid methods for the detection of beta-lactamase activity in Haemophilus influenzae.

Three methods for rapidly detecting beta-lactamase activity in Haemophilus influenzae are compared. The chromogenic cephalosporin method was found to be the most easily performed and the reagents could be stored for up to three weeks. The phenol red method was simple to perform but the iodometric method was more time consuming. All three tests gave identical results.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1977

An outbreak of infection caused by a gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

An outbreak of infection caused by a strain of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin and other antibiotics occurred in two wards in a hospital. Eight patients were colonized, of whom six had clinical infections. Previous administration of gentamicin appeared to predispose the patients to infection with the strain. Restriction of the use of gentamicin and tobramycin is essential to preserve their value in serious infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

The activity of four antimicrobial agents. Including three nitroimidazole compounds, against Bacteroides sp.

Forty strains of Bacteroides sp. were tested against three nitroimidazole compounds, metronidazole, tinidazole and nimorazole and the aminoglycosidic antibiotic spectinomycin. The effect of altering the inoculum and the presence of serum upon the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also noted. The three nitroimidazole compounds were all very active (average MIC = circa 0.25 mg/l). Tinidazole was twofold more active. The MIC of spectinomycin was 32 mg/l.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

The influence of biliary disease on the excretion of cefazolin in human bile.

Forty-five patients with varying biliary pathology were injected with one gram of intramuscular cefazolin sodium prior to surgery. Serum, gallbladder bile, and common duct bile levels were measured. The type of biliary disease did not influence serum levels (mean, 29 mug per milliliter) which reached a peak one hour after injection. Mean common duct bile levels were reduced from 52 mug per milliliter in nonjaundiced patients to 4 mug per milliliter in those with jaundice (p less than 0.001). Patients with radiologically functioning gallbladders had significantly higher mean gallbladder bile levels (21 mug per milliliter; p less than 0.005). Surprisingly, the mean gallbladder bile level in acute cholecystitis was 25 mug per milliliter. As the minimum inhibitory concentration of cefazolin for organisms commonly found in the bile is 0.5 to 6 mug per milliliter, we suggest that cefazolin sodium may be of value in the treatment of biliary disease, particularly acute cholecystitis.

Bile↗
PubMed1976

Ear-drops.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1976

Rapid intravenous injection of tobramycin: suggested dosage schedule and concentrations in serum.

A single, rapid intravenous injection of tobramycin in doses of 1.5 mg/kg or 80 mg administered to subjects with normal renal function produced a wide range of concentrations in serum. Serum concentrations peaked at greater than 20mug/ml in one third of the subjects, but these peaks were transitory. At 6 hr the serum levels were less than 2 mug/ml in all but one subject and were less than 0.1 mug/ml in 50% of the subjects. A dosage interval of 6 hr with a total dosage of 6 mg/kg per day is recommended. The variation in individual dose responses emphasizes the need for monitoring of levels of tobramycin in serum during treatment. Serum concentrations of 4-6 mug/ml 1 hr after injection can be considered indicative of adequate therapy. Levels in serum 6 hr after administration should also be monitored, particularly in the elderly. No immediate or delayed toxic effects were observed after intravenous injection of tobramycin.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The 'septic spleen'--a critical evaluation.

The relationship between the consistency of the spleen at necropsy and the presence of bacteria in that organ was examined in 192 consecutive necropsies. Also it was noted if the patient had received antibiotics just before death. An estimate of the number of neutrophils in the spleen was also made. No correlation could be found between any of these factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A clinical investigation of pivmecillinam. A novel beta-lactam antibiotic in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

Pivmecillinam (FL 1039) is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of mecillinam (FL 1060) which has considerable in vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae. 38 hospital inpatients who had proven urinary tract infections were treated with 400 mg pivmecillinam four times daily for 5-7 days. The MIC of mecillinam to the infecting organisms was determined as were the serum and urinary concentrations of the antibiotic. The patients were followed up for 4-6 weeks after the end of treatment. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Of the 35 patients who were adequately followed up, 29 (83%) were classified as cured and there were 6 failures. Reported side effects were of a minor nature.

Administration, Oral↗