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Biomedical subjects

R Wise

Publications and source records attributed to R Wise.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of ciprofloxacin.

A 500-mg dose of the quinoline ciprofloxacin was administered orally to each of six healthy male volunteers, after which the concentrations of this agent in serum and blister fluid were measured. Absorption appeared to be rapid, with a mean peak level of 2.4 micrograms/ml attained 1.25 h after administration. The serum elimination half-life was 3.9 h. The agent penetrated blister fluid well, the percent penetration being 57%. Urinary recovery of ciprofloxacin was 30%.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of in vitro activity of FCE 22101, a new penem, with those of other beta-lactam antibiotics.

The in vitro activity of FCE 22101, a new semisynthetic penem derivative, was compared with that of ceftriaxone, moxalactam, imipenem (formerly imipemide, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, or MK 0787), cefuroxime, ceftazidime, and other beta-lactams, when appropriate, against 472 recent isolates and known beta-lactam-resistant strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of FCE 22101 against 90% of the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Lancefield group D streptococci, and Bacteroides spp. were between 0.5 and 4 micrograms/ml. Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible. Ninety percent of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were susceptible to 0.25 microgram of FCE 22101 per ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were resistant to FCE 22101 (minimum inhibitory concentration, greater than 128 micrograms/ml). The susceptibility of known, characterized beta-lactamase-producing strains of the Enterobacteriaceae suggested that FCE 22101 is resistant to many beta-lactamases. Generally, FCE 22101 was slightly less active than imipenem, moxalactam, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime against members of the Enterobacteriaceae and considerably more active than the cephalosporins (including moxalactam) against Staphylococcus aureus. The human serum protein binding of FCE 22101 was about 40%, and human serum had little effect on the activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Ceftazidime--a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin.

65 patients with serious infections, including 25 with septicaemia, were treated with ceftazidime, a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin. 80% of the infection were cured by the antibiotic. 11 of 12 infected patients who had malignant disease or were otherwise immunocompromised responded satisfactorily to ceftazidime; 7 of these 12 had infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The serum half-life of ceftazidime was 1.9 h in a patient with normal renal function. After a 1 g intravenous dose the antibiotic was present in pus, sputum, and bile in therapeutic concentrations. The antibiotics should prove a useful and non-toxic alternative to the aminoglycosides.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

In vitro activity of cefotetan, a new cephamycin derivative, compared with that of other beta-lactam compounds.

The in vitro activity of cefotetan, a new cephamycin, was compared with the activities of cefoxitin, cefuroxime, moxalactam, ceftazidime, and piperacillin against 273 recent clinical isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefotetan for 90% of Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were between 0.12 and 2 micrograms/ml; for 90% of Staphylococcus aureus, the minimum inhibitory concentration was 8 micrograms/ml, and for 90% of Bacteroides fragilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Lancefield group D streptococci it was 128 micrograms/ml or more. The activity of cefotetan against Enterobacteriaceae is comparable to the activities of ceftazidime and moxalactam and four to eight times greater than the activities of cefoxitin and cefuroxime. Cefotetan was approximately one-half as active as cefoxitin and cefuroxime against S. aureus. Although cefotetan was 87% bound to serum protein, serum had little effect on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of this agent.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of sulbactam and ampicillin after concurrent intravenous administration.

A combination of 500 mg each of sulbactam and ampicillin was administered intravenously into six healthy male volunteers, and subsequent serum and blister fluid levels were measured. Both dogs had similar serum half-lives of about 1 h. The concentrations of sulbactam in serum and blister fluid were about 1.5 times those of ampicillin, and appeared to be pharmacokinetically well matched when administered in equal doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of azthreonam.

Six healthy male volunteers received 1 g of azthreonam each as an intravenous injection. Serial blood and cantharides-induced blister fluid samples were taken over the next 8 h. Urine samples were collected over 24 h. The concentration of azthreonam in serum was about 50 micrograms/ml at 0.5 h after injection and fell to 2 to 3 micrograms/ml at 8 h; the serum half-life was 1.93 h, and the volume of distribution was equivalent to 12% of the mean body weight. The plasma clearance was 89.0 ml/min, 73.7% of the dose being recovered in the urine within 24 h. Azthreonam rapidly penetrated blister fluid, reaching a maximum of 25.4 micrograms/ml at 1.8 h after administration.

Adult↗