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Biomedical subjects

R Winsnes

Publications and source records attributed to R Winsnes.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Intestinal glycoprotein activates the alternative complement pathway by reacting with factor H.

Previous observations indicating complement activation via the alternative pathway of chelated human serum by a rat intestinal glycoprotein fraction were substantiated by using C2-deficient serum. Some inactivation of C6 by the glycoprotein was observed both in normal and C2-deficient serum. As estimated by conglutination, the glycoprotein largely abolished the ability of serum to convert EAC3b to EAC3bi, indicating inhibition of the control factors H (beta 1H globulin) and I (C3bINA), or inhibition of C3b deposition on the cells. The glycoprotein caused no change in the electrophoretic mobility of factors H or I. By immunoelectrophoresis the glycoprotein interfered with the precipitation line of plasminogen and beta-lipoprotein and some other serum proteins. The absence of plasminogen or beta-lipoprotein in serum seemed unimportant for the C3 conversion by the glycoprotein. Factor H was retained when heat-inactivated serum, heat-inactivated serum depleted of 99% albumin or 85% IgG, or heat-inactivated hypogammaglobulinaemic serum was eluted through a column of the intestinal glycoprotein coupled to epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B. Presence of EDTA abolished factor H retention. Factor H from methylamine-treated serum was also adsorbed to the glycoprotein. When serum depleted at 5 degrees C or 31% of the factor H content was heated, the alternative pathway was activated spontaneously. Addition of some of the previously removed factor H reduced the C3 and factor B conversion rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Fatty acid analysis for differentiation or Bordetella and Brucella species.

The fatty acid composition of Bordetella pertussis (13 strains), B. parapertussis (3 strains), B. bronchiseptica (6 strains), Brucella abortus (6 strains), B. melitensis (4 strains) and B. suis (5 strains) was determined. Both genera contained straight-chain saturated and mono-unsaturated acids as well as cyclopropane substituted isomers, but the overall differences between the two genera were distinct. The Brucella species contained exclusively C16 to C19 acids. Minor amounts of hydroxylated acids (tentatively identified as 3-hydroxy-hexadecanoate and 3-hydroxy-octadecanoate) could only be detected after thin-layer chromatography and substantial concentration. The Bordetella species, on the other hand, contained a number of both non-hydroxylated and hydroxylated fatty acids of chain-lengths varying from C10 to C19. Intra-generically, no clear distinction between the Brucella species could be detected. The three species of Bordetella, on the other hand, were clearly distinguished by their fatty acid patterns. B. pertussis did not contain cyclopropane fatty acids encountered in significant amounts in the two other species, and B. bronchiseptica was characterized by containing 2-hydroxy-dodecanoate in significant amounts.

Bordetella↗
PubMed1980

Complement (C3) conversion by rat intestinal glycoprotein and its degradation products.

Several fragments obtained from alkaline borohydride degradation of a rat intestinal glycoprotein fraction have been tested for anti-complementary activity. Oligosaccharide alditols with a molecular weight of less than about 1 X 10(3) daltons showed no activity, whereas reduced oligosaccharides in the molecular weight range of about 1 X 10(3) to 3 X 10(3) daltons exerted a minor conversion of C3 by the alternative pathway. The low molecular weight fragments tested did not influence C3 conversion induced by the intact intestinal glycoprotein fraction. Of the fragments, a peptide fraction, with an 'average' molecular weight of 2 X 10(3) daltons, and peptide-containing glycoconjugates exerted activation by C3 by both the classical and alternative pathways. Classical pathway activation by the intestinal glycoproteins depended on antibody, whereas alternative pathway activation did not. Alternative pathway activation appeared to require Factor B in that the intestinal glycoproteins induced no C3 conversion in serum heated to 50 degrees C for 20 min. The rat intestinal glycoproteins had no protease activity on casein and no stimulating effect on human lymphocytes in vitro. Branching of oligosaccharide chains was not indicated by the methylation analyses carried out.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1979

Effect of calcium and factor D depletion on C3 conversion by rat intestinal glycoprotein.

These studies demonstrate that a rat intestinal glycoprotein fraction may activate C3 in normal human serum by the alternative complement pathway alone and by the classical pathway alone. Conversion of C3 by the rat intestinal glycoprotein fraction amounted to 55% when both the classical and the alternative pathways were intact, to 21% when the classical pathway was blocked by ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid, and to 21% in Factor-D-depleted serum. Comparable figures for zymosan were 58%, 44%, and 12%, and for sheep erythrocytes sensitized with anti-sheep haemolysin, 27%, less than 1% and 21%, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Quantification of tetanus antitoxin in human sera. I. Counter-immunoelectrophoresis.

An extensive sero-epidemiological survey of immunity to tetanus is to be performed in Norway during 1978 and 1979 and thus a simple and reliable method for screening sera for content of tetanus antitoxin is needed. An improved counter-immunoelectrophoretic method for quantification of tetanus antitoxin is described. The toxin neutralization test in mice is considered to correlate well with protection in humans. Counter-immunoelectrophoresis has the advantage of using tetanus toxoid instead of toxin as well as being more rapid and less expensive. Specific antibodies of the IgG, IgM, and IgA classes could be read simultaneously for many sera. This may be of importance, since it is reported in the literature that only antibody of the IgG class is capable of neutralizing tetanus toxin in mice. Counter-immunoelectrophoresis is limited by being less sensitive than the toxin neutralization test in mice.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1979

Quantification of tetanus antitoxin in human sera. II. Comparison of counter-immunoelectrophoresis and passive haemagglutination with toxin neutralization in mice.

We described recently an improved counter-immunoelectrophoretic method for quantification of tetanus antitoxin. The toxin neutralization test in mice is considered to correlate well with protection in humans. In the present study, the correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.89. Sera containing more than 7.0 I.U./ml could be quantified directly by counter-immunoelectrophoresis, while sera containing less tetanus antitoxin had to be concentrated prior to quantification. The passive haemagglutination test was also compared with the toxin neutralization test in mice. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.76.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1978

Effect of rat intestinal glycoprotein on complement lytic activity of 32P-labelled Escherichia coli.

Evidence for complement activation by an intestinal glycoprotein fraction from germfree rats is presented. The lowering effect on human serum bactericidal activity of E. coli was 28% for the intestinal glycoprotein fraction, 31% for zymosan, and 25% for inulin, while the lowering effect on conventional rat serum bactericidal activity was 65%, 53% and 21%, respectively. 32P-releasing activity of serum from germfree rats and from man on labelled E. coli amounted to 8% and 28%, respectively, of the release exerted by serum from conventional rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Efficacy of zoster immunoglobulin in prophylaxis of varicella in high-risk patients.

During a period of 2 1/2 years 190 children have been prophylactically treated with zoster immunoglobulin in norway. Information on 130 (68%) of these children was obtained. This group included patients suffering from leukemia, lymphoma, and other malignant disorders, and patients with autoimmune diseases, with impaired immune mechanisms or with for other reasons increased frequency of infections, as well as premature and weak newborns, and infants born to mothers who developed varicella during the last 4 days before delivery. Of the patients who received zoster immunoglobulin within 3 days after exposure, 2.9% developed weak symptoms of varicella. When zoster immunoglobulin was administered 4-5 days after exposure, 37.5% contracted varicella, and when given more than 5 days after exposure, 50% developed the disease. The 9 neonates with possible intrauterine exposure are not included in these figures.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1978

Acute hemolytic anemia related to diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccination.

Three infants developed severe hemolytic anemia following the second or third diphtheria-pertussistetanus vaccination. Direct antiglobulin tests were positive, and the infant most severely affected also had reduced serum complement levels, indicating an immunological mechanism for the hemolysis. The presence of IgM on the erythrocytes from 2 of the infants could be demonstrated by antiglobulin tests or immunization experiments. Heat eluates of the erythrocytes from one of the infants contained antibodies to tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, as well as to Bordetella pertussis, suggesting that these antibodies were antigenically bound to the erythrocytes. Virus antibodies or isoagglutinins, present in the serum, were not found in the eluate. No antibodies against the vaccine components could be demonstrated in eluates of erythrocytes from control subjects. In vivo experiments showed that tetanus and diphtheria toxoids were easily bound to human erythrocytes. This finding could help explain the pathogenesis of the autohemolysis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Effect of transfer factor and zoster immunoglobulin in patients with varicella-zoster infection and malignancy.

Immunotherapy was given to 13 patients suffering from lymphoproliferative diseases complicated by varicella-zoster (VZ) infection. Five patients received transfer factor (TF) only, 6 received TF and zoster immunoglobulin (ZIG), and 2 received ZIG only. ZIG did not seem to alter the course of the infection. Cessation of vesicle formation and initiation of crust formation took place within 1 day after the first injection of TF in 5 patients with a localized zoster. In 4 patients suffering from an early dissemination of VZ infection, cessation of vesicle formation took place within 1 day (1 patient), 2 days (1 patient), 3 days (1 patient) or 4 days (1 patient) after the first injection of TF. An increase in serum interferon was observed in 4 of 9 patients who received TF, while no increase in serum interferon was observed in the control groups. Administration of a high-titer ZIG preparation did not seem to depress the humoral antibody response when combined with TF therapy. Therapy with TF in combination with ZIG seemed to have a beneficial effect in patients with malignancy when administered early in the acute VZ infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Rat intestinal glycoprotein lowering bactericidal activity of serum on 32P-labelled E. coli.

A glycoprotein fraction, by which the 32P-releasing activity of serum on labelled E. coli is lowered, was isolated from caecum content of germfree rats. The glycoprotein contained 83.1% sulphate, and 16.1% protein. The molecular weight ranged from 3.2 X 10(5) to 2.4 X 10(6), and the iso-electric point from pH 0.9 to 3.0. Physiologically, it may play a role in the interaction(s) between the host and its intestinal flora.

Animals↗