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Biomedical subjects

R Winkler

Publications and source records attributed to R Winkler.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Sources of present Chernobyl-derived caesium concentrations in surface air and deposition samples.

The sources of Chernobyl-derived caesium concentrations in air and deposition samples collected from mid-1986 to the end of 1990 at Munich-Neuherberg, Germany, were investigated. Local resuspension has been found to be the main source. By comparison with deposition data from other locations it is estimated that within a range from 20 Bq m-2 to 60 kBq m-2 of initially deposited 137Cs activity approximately 2% is re-deposited by the process of local resuspension in Austria, Germany, Japan and the United Kingdom, while significantly higher total resuspension is to be expected for Denmark and Finland. Stratospheric contribution to the present concentrations is shown to be negligible. This is confirmed by cross correlation analysis between the time series of 137Cs in air and precipitation before and after the Chernobyl accident and the respective time series of cosmogenic 7Be, which is an indicator of stratospheric input. Seasonal variations of caesium concentrations with maxima in the winter months were observed.

Accidents↗
PubMed1992

Alterations of antioxidant tissue defense enzymes and related metabolic parameters in streptozotocin-diabetic rats--effects of iodine treatment.

This study reports on the effect of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes on water soluble-SH and -SS, as well as on hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and on malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In addition, we determined serum concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and thyroxine, and thyroid weight. To elucidate the possible impact of exogenous iodine on impaired free radical tissue defense mechanisms STZ-diabetic rats were exposed to iodine brine providing for a daily iodide uptake of about 300 micrograms/kg body weight. STZ-exposure caused a decline in thyroid weight (p less than 0.01) and in total serum thyroxine (p less than 0.001), as well as a fall in hepatic catalase (CAT) activity (p less than 0.01) versus control group. Impairment of catalase activity was related to serum glucose level (r = -0.569, p less than 0.01), while hepatic MDA was positively related to serum glucose (r = + 0.5, p less than 0.01). No protective effects of iodine brine were seen with regard to impairment by STZ of antioxidant enzyme status. We conclude that impairment by STZ of antioxidant enzymes may contribute to STZ-dependent experimental diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Influence of iodide on cataractogenesis in Emory mice.

Cataract development was studied in two groups of Emory mice by periodical biomicroscopic examinations (beginning at 5 weeks of age) and by a final evaluation of water-soluble SH groups in the lenses. The experimental group was given 256 micrograms iodide/kg body weight with the drinking water throughout the study. The untreated control group received tap water. Iodide treatment induced a delay of cataract formation, resulting in a significant reduction of the time to progress from cataract degree 1 to degree 2 (iodide-treated group 12.8 +/- 1.7 weeks, untreated group 9.9 +/- 1.0 weeks; p less than 0.025). A still significant difference in the degree of cataract was also found between the two groups at week 47 of age. No difference was found in the content of water-soluble SH groups. The results are discussed in relation to the known antioxidant and .OH-scavenging effect of iodide and to the oxidative changes in the lens occurring during progression of cataract development.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Changes in rheology and red blood cell function under recombinant human erythropoietin therapy.

The rh-EPO is a potent drug to treat renal anaemia. RBC aggregation is not influenced by the rh-EPO therapy. Membrane elasticity and RBC deformability improve remarkably after rh-EPO which might benefit microcirculation. Rh-EPO therapy can not prolong RBC life span. Obviously uremic milieu alone determines RBC life time. Rh-EPO treatment corrects renal anemia by increasing the number of RBC and the RBC volume.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Influence of an iodine-drinking cure on the antioxidative status of diabetic patients].

The influence of a 4 week course of balneotherapeutic treatment in Bad Hall on different blood parameters and on the activity of the antioxidative enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was examined in diabetics. The patients were divided into 2 groups. One group underwent an iodine-balneotherapeutic programme (therapeutic exercises, baths, packages, inhalations), the other group additionally received an iodine brine drinking cure. At the end of the cure, the cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels had fallen to normal values in both groups due to the diabetic diet and, if required, drug therapy. Erythrocyte SOD was also reduced in both groups. Plasma catalase and plasma GSH-Px were significantly raised only in the group drinking iodine brine, while erythrocyte GSH-Px and the amount of the lipid peroxidation product malonyl dialdehyde were unchanged. The observed improvements in the parameters are considered unspecific cure effects, which lead to a desirable normalisation and homogenisation. Only the enhancement of plasma GSH-Px activity can be interpreted as an iodine specific cure effect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

[Ergometric results of r-erythropoietin treatment of hemodialysis patients].

To investigate the effect of partial correction of anemia in patients maintained by chronic intermittent hemodialysis on exercise capacity, patients underwent a bicycle acido-ergometry before and after treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin. The results demonstrate a (subjective) improvement of exercise capacity without any evidence for that in the pH values.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1990

Effect of dry deposition, washout and resuspension on radionuclide ratios after the Chernobyl accident.

The temporal variations of radionuclide ratios in air and deposition samples collected simultaneously at Munich-Neuherberg (F.R.G.) after the Chernobyl accident have been studied. Until 8 May 1986, the radionuclides investigated were 99Mo, 103Ru, 106Ru, 110mAg, 125Sb, 129mTe, 132Te, 131I, 134Cs, 137Cs, 140Ba, 141Ce and 144Ce. After 8 May, 99Mo, 110mAg, 125Sb, and the Ce isotopes were below the detection limits. Considerable temporal variations of the above radionuclides, relative to 137Cs, were observed in air as well as in deposition. In air the temporal variations reflect the arrival of different parts of the reactor plume with different elemental composition. In deposition, the temporal patterns were quite different from those in air for a given radionuclide. This is explained by varying contributions of dry and wet deposition. Until 8 May, the washout ratios of the above radionuclides covered a range from 240 to 5600, with smaller variations for all radionuclides within one event (e.g. 460-910), and larger variations from one event to another (e.g. 460-3300 for 137Cs). The dry deposition velocity of 137Cs was found to be 0.27 cm s-1, similar to that of 110mAg, aerosol 131I and 140Ba (0.37, 0.13 and 0.15 cm s-1). Another group of radionuclides includes 103Ru, 106Ru, 125Sb, total 131I and 132Te with dry deposition velocities of 0.08, 0.10, 0.07, 0.03 and 0.08 cm s-1 and with temporal variations in deposition which are quite different from those of the first group. From 8 May to the end of June, the washout ratios increased to values between 1500 and 24,000, with the exception of iodine, which had considerably lower washout ratios of between 37 and 4400. These later effects are explained by resuspension and, in the case of iodine, by remobilization of gaseous species.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

[After care in treatment of functional disorders after tumor excision--from the surgical viewpoint].

Radical cancer surgery cures by setting defects. Consequently there are limits to the conservation or restoration of organ functions. These problems are mainly relevant to gastric and rectal surgery. Conservative treatment is the treatment of choice for functional deficiencies. If it fails, surgical intervention can be successful in rebuilding reservoir functions and eliminating transport disturbances, but it can only poorly imitate the function of digestive sphincters.

Aftercare↗