Biomedical subjects

R Wigand

Publications and source records attributed to R Wigand.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

Restriction site mapping of subgenus D adenoviruses, prototypes 42-47, intermediate and atypical strains.

Restriction site maps with the endonucleases BamHI, BgIII, and HindIII were elaborated for 19 adenovirus strains of subgenus D, namely candidates AV42 to 47, 6 intermediate and 7 atypical strains. On the basis of several types mapped by biochemical methods, the physical maps for the 19 strains were constructed by adapting restriction fragments of defined molecular weight to the known maps, as the homology among strains within this subgenus is considerable. Other prototypes mapped by adaptation were also used for reference. The localization of the restriction sites on the genome was analyzed for all mapped types or strains of subgenus D (except AV8). The sites appeared to be randomly distributed; only one site was common to all strains.

Adenoviruses, Human↗

PubMed1990

Restriction site mapping of adenovirus prototypes of subgenus D.

Restriction site maps with the endonucleases HindIII, BglII, and Bam HI were elaborated for the majority of 23 adenovirus prototypes of subgenus D (AV8 to AV39). On the basis of four or five types which have been mapped by biochemical methods, the physical maps for other types were constructed by adapting restriction fragments of defined molecular weight, as the homology among types of the same subgenus is considerable. Prototypes of subgenus D shared several common restriction sites; different sites, however, were distributed at random over the genome. The gene loci for hexon and fiber did not show either higher or lower variability.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed1990

Genome type analysis of 480 isolates of adenovirus types 1, 2, and 5.

Adenovirus (AV) types 1, 2, and 5, isolated from about 480 patients from 1960 to 1985, most from the United States and Central Europe, were studied by DNA restriction analysis with the endonucleases BamHI, BglII, BstEII, EcoRI, HindIII, KpnI, and SmaI and compared with the respective prototypes. All different fragment patterns are presented as schematic drawings and their distribution on the genome types was analyzed. Prototype-like strains were isolated in all three types. AV2 exceeded AV1 and AV5 in its genetic variability. Among the many genome types found (36, 61, and 35 for AV1, 2, and 5 respectively), only one or few of each type prevailed, whereas many others were found only once. The temporal and geographic distribution of the genome types is presented.

Adenoviruses, Human↗

PubMed1989

Intermediate adenovirus strains of subgenus D occur in extensive variety.

Eight intermediate adenovirus strains of seven serotypes, some of them related in their neutralizing or hemagglutinating antigens to new candidate serotypes, are presented in their serological properties and DNA fragment patterns with four endonucleases (BglII, BstEII, HindIII, SmaI). For characterization and strain comparison, an intensive serological identification is more meaningful than DNA restriction analysis. The intermediate strains were related in neutralization to types 28, 33, 37, 38, 44, or 46, in hemagglutination-inhibition to types 9, 13, 30, 45, or the hemagglutinin variant Hy.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed1989

Molecular epidemiology and restriction site mapping of adenovirus 7 genome types.

From the United States, the Federal Republic of Germany, and other regions, 168 strains of AV7, isolated between 1961 and 1985, were analyzed by six restriction endonucleases and nine genome types were identified. The enzymes BamHI and HindIII were most discriminative. The genome type D5 (or 7b) predominated with 120 isolates since 1970 in both countries. Strains of D2 (7a) and D4 (7c) were isolated for a limited time, D3 for an extended time period. Several clusters of infections with the same genome type were found. Differences in pathogenicity could not be derived from our data. On the basis of restriction site mapping, most other genome types were similar to D5, one to D2 and one to the prototype (D1). The genomic relation between AV7 and AV3 is discussed and shown by a dendrogram.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed1989

Genome type analysis of adenovirus 31, a potential causative agent of infants' enteritis.

DNA restriction analysis with 7 endonucleases was performed on 21 adenovirus type 31 strains, isolated from faeces of infants from 1974 to 1987 in different parts of Germany. The strains could be grouped into five genome types, differing from the prototype in two to four endonucleases. BglII was the most discriminative enzyme. The D2 genome type was found 16 times; all others only once or twice. No serological differences were found between the strains.

Adenoviruses, Human↗

PubMed1989

Genome type analysis of adenoviruses: isolates from one year from the Hannover area.

Adenoviruses (AV), isolated from 138 children during the year 1981 in the Hannover area, were studied by DNA restriction analysis with the enzymes BamHI, BglII, BstEII, EcoRI, HindIII, KpnI, and SmaI and compared with the respective prototypes. Varying fragment patterns were depicted and genome types analyzed. Prototype-like strains of AV1 and 5 were not found. Types 2, 5, 1, 3, and 7 showed decreasing genetic variation in that order. Altered restriction sites were physically mapped on the genome; they appeared to be randomly distributed. The high genetic variability of AV2 and 5 is remarkable for this study population, limited in time and space. Clinical and epidemiological data were also presented in relation to serotypes.

Adenoviruses, Human↗

PubMed1989

Genome type analysis of certain adenovirus serotypes of subgenus D.

The DNA of 19 wild strains of adenovirus types 10 (AV10), 13, 19, 24, and 27 was analysed by five restriction endonucleases (BamHI, BglII, BstEII, HindIII, and SmaI) for their genetic variability and compared with their respective prototypes. Six "AV19a" strains were identical among each other, even with five additional enzymes, but widely different from the prototype. Strains of AV10, 24, and 27 were identical or only slightly different from the respective prototypes. In contrast, three AV13 strains differed in all enzyme patterns from those of the prototype and from one another.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMed1989

Nosocomial and endemic infections with a genome type of adenovirus type 5.

A unique genome type of adenovirus 5 was isolated from 37 specimens of 25 patients. DNA restriction analysis was performed with seven endonucleases. Part of the patients were treated at a bone marrow transplantation unit in Munich. Nosocomial spread, rather than activation of endogenous adenovirus infection, was likely for many of them. In addition, sporadic cases suggested an endemicity of this genome type in Bavaria.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMed1989

Molecular epidemiology and restriction site mapping of adenovirus type 3 genome types.

One hundred thirty-eight strains of adenovirus type 3 isolated from patients in the United States, West Germany, and other regions between 1961 and 1984 were analyzed with six restriction endonucleases; 18 genome types were found. BglII was the most discriminative enzyme. Mapping of altered restriction sites was also performed for all six enzymes. The genome types D1 (like the prototype) and D3 prevailed among 45 and 47 strains, respectively. All genome types could be divided into two groups related to D1 or D3. Several clusters of infections by strains with the same genome type were observed. Only hints of differences were found in the pathogenicities of individual genome types. D1 strains were present in the United States and in Europe; group D3 prevailed almost exclusively in the United States.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMed1989

Chimpanzee adenoviruses are related to four subgenera of human adenoviruses.

Nine adenovirus strains isolated from chimpanzees were studied with regard to their relatedness to each other and to human adenovirus prototypes by neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition. The strains belonged to six serotypes, and all of them were clearly related to, but not identical to human adenoviruses of subgenus A, B, C, or E respectively. DNA restriction analysis corroborated these relationships.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed1989

[The effect of infrared laser rays on herpes simplex virus and the functions of human immunocompetent cells].

In vitro investigations were performed to study the effect of infrared Nd:YAG laser irradiation on herpes simplex virus and the viral replication in herpes-infected Vero cell microcultures. In addition, the influence of laser irradiation on human immuncompetent cells was investigated by irradiation and incubation of herpes-infected cell cultures overlaid with leucocytes and observation of leucocyte migration under agarose after laser irradiation. There was no evidence of herpes simplex virus inactivation by laser irradiation. Irradiation of Vero cell microcultures infected with virus did not influence the development of the viral cytopathic effect. However, irradiated cultures showed an increase of about 50% in the virus yield. Only a slight indication of laser influence on immunocompetent cells was found. Cell cultures incubated with leucocytes (from both seropositive and seronegative donors) and irradiated showed an inhibitory effect with about half the virus yield seen in unirradiated controls. However, there was no relation between the energy applied and yield reduction. In addition, laser light caused no change in leucocyte migration.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗

PubMed1988

Molecular epidemiology of two consecutive outbreaks of adenovirus 8 keratoconjunctivitis.

Eleven strains of adenovirus 8 (Ad 8) isolated during two consecutive outbreaks of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) in the Ophthalmology Department of a University Hospital in France were compared by DNA restriction analysis. The results indicated that isolates from the two outbreaks belong to the same genome type, which is also the most predominant genome type of Ad 8. The usefulness of molecular epidemiology in Ad 8 infections is briefly discussed.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMed1988

Genome type analysis of adenovirus 37 isolates.

Seventy-six strains of adenovirus type 37 (AV37), isolated during a period of 10 years from 73 patients on three continents, were analysed with eight DNA restriction endonucleases. Strains identical with the prototype (56 strains) prevailed; four deviating genome types were found, which differed only slightly from the prototype, with one exception. Half of the strains were tested in detail by neutralisation and haemagglutination inhibition. Minor differences in neutralisation were not reflected by differences in DNA restriction patterns. In comparison to genome types of other subgenera, field strains of adenovirus 37 showed only a moderate genetic variability.

Adenoviruses, Human↗

PubMed1988

Analysis of antigenically intermediate strains of subgenus B and D adenoviruses from AIDS patients.

We carried out detailed antigenic and restriction enzyme (RE) analyses on the subgenus B and D adenovirus isolates from 48 AIDS patients. These isolates were unusual both in the diversity of serotypes and in the number of intermediate strains identified. All unusual isolates were strain-purified and tested by serum neutralization (SN) and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests with reference horse and rabbit antisera to all the prototype human adenoviruses; conversely, rabbit antisera were prepared to 16 selected strains from this study and tested by SN and HI with all prototype viruses. Among subgenus B strains, 6 DNA variants of Ad 11 isolates were distinguished by endonucleases BamHI, BglII, BstEII, HindIII, and SmaI. The D 2 variant of Ad 11 was prominent with 5 isolates, and 7 other isolates differed from D 2 in only 1 or 2 enzymes. HindIII was the most discriminative endonuclease for Ad 11 and related strains. Within subgenus D, there were 16 isolates of intermediate strains, including 4 intermediate types related to new Ad types 43-47. The RE patterns of subgenus D strains showed fragment distributions typical of subgenus D, with various unique patterns. Particular care was taken to analyze multiple strains from the same patient, recovered as much as 8 months apart, for evidence of genetic changes. The possible long-term infections with these viruses may provide the opportunity for mutations and recombination to occur, with the resultant generation of a variety of new strains of adenoviruses.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1988

Persistent enteral infections with adenovirus types 1 and 2 in infants: no evidence of reinfection.

Isolates of adenovirus types 1 and 2, obtained from 11 infants with prolonged faecal excretion (up to 515 days), were compared by DNA restriction analysis with seven standard endonucleases which recognize hexanucleotides and two additional endonucleases which recognize tetranucleotides. In all instances identical genome types were identified in isolates obtained early and late after infection. Our interpretation of these data is that a chronic persistent infection occurred in these children, and not a reinfection with the same serotype.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMed1988

Adenoviruses from patients with AIDS: a plethora of serotypes and a description of five new serotypes of subgenus D (types 43-47).

We analyzed 67 adenovirus isolates from 48 patients with AIDS. The isolates included 5 of subgenus A (all Ad31), 23 of subgenus B, 4 of subgenus C (all Ad5), and 35 of subgenus D. The subgenus A and C strains were from liver, lung, blood, urine, and stool and were unremarkable in their antigenic characteristics. The subgenus B strains were mostly from urine and were serotyped by neutralization (SN) and hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) tests as Ad11 (12 isolates), Ad16 (1), Ad35 (3), and Ad21/H21 + 35 (1) plus new intermediate strains 34/H11 (3), 35/H11 (1), and 11 + 35/H11 (2). The subgenus D serotypes from 24 patients were mostly from stool specimens and consisted of 8 isolates of known serotypes, 16 of antigenically intermediate strains, and 11 of five new adenovirus types with distinct antigenic and restriction enzyme characteristics. The new serotypes were described as candidate types 43-47 in accordance with currently accepted taxonomic criteria. Ad45, 46, and 47 showed a major relation by HAI with Ad29, 24, and 20, respectively. Four intermediate types were related to the new serotypes. The plethora of serotypes from patients with AIDS suggests that no epidemiological significance can be attached to any one serotype.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1987

Gastroenteritis in infants, associated with a genome type of adenovirus 31 and with combined rotavirus and adenovirus 31 infection.

In an infants' ward, gastroenteritis occurred in five children in two groups, probably by nosocomial spread of adenovirus 31 (three cases) and adenovirus 31 + rotavirus (two cases). The infants recovered well. The DNA of adenovirus 31 isolates was analysed with ten restriction endonucleases and found identical for all five strains, but different from the prototype.

Adenoviruses, Human↗