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Biomedical subjects

R White

Publications and source records attributed to R White.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A primary genetic map of chromosome 13q.

We have constructed a primary genetic map spanning most of human chromosome 13. A total of 14 polymorphic DNA sequences and one protein polymorphism provided, after construction of haplotypes, seven markers for the long arm of this chromosome. A panel of cell lines from 30 three-generation families with large sibship size served as the sample set. Pairwise cross analysis of the inheritance patterns of the marker loci established that six of the seven loci constituted a single linkage group; the seventh was localized by physical means. Significantly higher recombination rates were found in female than in male meioses in several intervals. The six closely linked loci were arranged, based on the two-point data, in three clusters, and a number of alternate gene orders were excluded by three-point linkage tests. The order and spacing of the individual loci were refined by linkage analyses that considered five loci jointly.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1986

Effects of haematocrit reduction on the haemoglobin-oxygen saturation curve in polycythaemia secondary to hypoxic lung disease.

20 patients were studied with chronic airflow obstruction and arterial hypoxaemia, 10 with and the other 10 without secondary polycythaemia. There were no differences in the value of the P50 for the two patient groups (Polycythaemics 3.31 +/- 0.17 kPa; non-polycythaemics 3.47 +/- 0.25 kPa). Isovolaemic haemodilution was performed by erythrapheresis on a cell separator in the 10 polycythaemic patients. Following removal of a mean 558 ml of packed red cells, there was a fall in the mean PCV from 0.57 +/- 0.02 to 0.46 +/- 0.04. There was no change in the value of the P50 when estimated 24 hrs after treatment. Reduction of an elevated haematocrit in hypoxic polycythaemic patients had no effect on the haemoglobin-oxygen saturation curve.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Data base management systems. How they work in dermatology.

The organization of data and the services available from a computerized data base management system are discussed in this article. A primitive medical office management system is built to illustrate how one such system (dBASE III) could be used. The case study shows not only the immediate applications, but also how the system allows new features and functions to be added.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed1986

Data security in medical computer systems.

A computer is secure if it works reliably and if problems that do arise can be corrected easily. The steps that can be taken to ensure hardware, software, procedural, physical, and legal security are outlined. Most computer systems are vulnerable because their operators do not have sufficient procedural safeguards in place.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1986

Computer security. An introduction for the medical practitioner.

Effective security will ensure that a computer functions properly, that its information is accurate, and that its use does not subject its owners and operators to legal risk. Although problems with intentional violations of computer security have received the most press and public attention, for most computer users the greatest threat to effective and trouble-free use of their equipment can be traced to poor equipment handling and inadequate attention to the mundane tasks of computing. Proper attention to maintenance of equipment and information is as effective in ensuring the proper functioning of computers as is regular maintenance of a car, and no more complicated.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

The genetic linkage map of the human X chromosome.

A database useful for mapping the human X chromosome has been established. The data consist of the genotypic characterizations obtained at more than 20 DNA marker loci from a set of 38 selected families. Multilocus linkage analysis has provided an initial genetic map completely spanning the distance from the distal short arm to the distal long arm of the chromosome, for a total genetic length of at least 185 recombination units. Analysis of the recombinational behavior of fully marked chromosomes suggests that the number of recombination events on the X chromosome may be nonrandom. Linkage studies of six families that carry the mutation which causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy were combined with linkage data from a large number of normal families. This permitted mapping of the locus for Duchenne muscular dystrophy with greater precision and statistical confidence than studies in which disease families alone provided the genotypic database. This observation suggests that the normal linkage map of this chromosome should be especially valuable in the mapping of rare X-linked diseases.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1985

Mouse killing induced by para-chlorophenylalanine injections or septal lesions but not olfactory bulb lesions is similar to that of food-deprived spontaneous killers.

Mouse killing induced by septal lesions, olfactory bulb lesions, or parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) injections was compared with that of sated or food-deprived spontaneous mouse-killing rats in order to evaluate whether the experimentally induced killing corresponds to killing that occurs spontaneously, which tends to be viewed as predatory. On the first mouse kill, the intensity of the initial reaction to the mouse, the site of the initial attack, and the time required to kill by all groups were similar except that bulbectomized rats required longer to kill. Following the kill, only rats with septal lesions and bulbectomized rats bit the mouse significantly more than spontaneous killers. With the second mouse kill, there was an increase in the intensity of the response to the mouse and a decrease in attack latency by all groups except the bulbectomized rats and the nondeprived spontaneous killers. When presented with a freshly killed mouse, rats with septal lesions attacked with the greatest intensity, but PCPA-injected rats and food-deprived spontaneous killers also attacked more intensely than nondeprived killers. When presented with a wad of cotton or a block of wood, there was little or no response from the animals of all groups. It is argued that the mouse killing induced by septal lesions or PCPA injections may be due to an enhanced predatory tendency similar to that occurring in food-deprived spontaneous killers. In contrast, the mouse killing by bulbectomized rats cannot be inferred to be predatory because their attacks were of low intensity and involved repeated superficial bites rather than one or two well-directed forceful bites.

Aggression↗
PubMed1985

Deletion mapping of HLA and chromosome 6p genes.

We have analyzed a set of heterozygous mutants with deletions that encompass parts of HLA and surrounding regions of chromosome 6p. By a combination of Southern blotting, serologic, enzymatic, and cytogenetic analyses, we have ordered eight independent deletion break points into a sequence that divides chromosome 6p into six regions. The deletion mutants have been used in conjunction with the Southern blot technique to map HLA and other 6p gene probes into those regions. On the basis of these and other data we propose a genetic and physical map of HLA and surrounding regions of chromosome 6p. We find that for HLA probes, most of which hybridize with more than one gene, the multiple copies recognized by single probes map to single regions. Any chromosome 6p gene can now be regionally mapped by using these mutants.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1985

The telomeric region of the human X chromosome long arm: presence of a highly polymorphic DNA marker and analysis of recombination frequency.

A DNA fragment (named St14) derived from the human X chromosome reveals a small family of related sequences that have been mapped to the Xq26-Xq28 region by using a panel of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids. The probe detects in human DNA digested by Taq I a polymorphic system defined by a series of at least eight allelic fragments with a calculated heterozygosity in females of 80%. With Msp I, we found three additional restriction fragment length polymorphisms, each of them being defined by two alleles. These polymorphisms are also common in Caucasian populations. The genetic locus defined by probe St14 has been localized more precisely to the distal end of the X chromosome (in band q28) by linkage analysis to other polymorphic DNA markers. The results obtained suggest that the frequency of recombination is distributed very unevenly in the q27-qter region of the X chromosome, with a cluster of seven tightly linked loci in q28 showing about 30% recombination with the gene for coagulation factor IX located in the neighboring q27 band. Probe St14 reveals one of the most polymorphic loci known to date in the human genome, and 17 different genotypes have already been observed. It constitutes the best marker on the X chromosome and should be of great use for the genetic study of three important diseases: hemophilia A, mental retardation with a fragile X chromosome, and adrenoleukodystrophy.

Alleles↗
PubMed1985

Calcified capsule following augmentation mammaplasty.

Five patients who developed calcification of the capsule following augmentation mammaplasty are described. This long-term complication may be encountered with increasing frequency and should be considered in evaluating women with solid, firm, constructed capsules.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Educational entry requirements for nurse registration: an historical perspective.

This paper examines the changing values in the General Nursing Council for England and Wales between the days before the National Health Service and the time when the minimum educational level for entrants to student nurse training was reinstituted in 1962. It discusses why the entry level was set at two ordinary levels of the General Certificate of Education, lower than the standard before the 1939 World War. The paper ends by arguing that the GNC became an agent of the government for the recruitment of nurses and the deskilling of nursing.

Education, Nursing↗