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Biomedical subjects

R Watanabe

Publications and source records attributed to R Watanabe.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Enhancement of pentose phosphate pathway in vascular intima from diabetic rabbit.

Activity of pentose phosphate pathway in the intima grown inside vascular prosthesis was studied in alloxan diabetic rabbits. Ratio of 14CO2 production from 1-14C-glucose and 6-14C-glucose was 7.8 in the nondiabetic group and 78.9 in the diabetic group. Statistically positive correlation was found between the ratio and the levels of blood glucose or plasma triglyceride. These results suggest that pentose phosphate pathway in the vascular intima is active, and enhanced to a great extent in diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Augmentation of murine organ-associated natural immune responses by cepharanthin].

Oral administration of cepharanthin (bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid) to mice was effective in the organ-associated immune responses. Cepharanthin, as a biological response modifier (BRM), augmented natural killer (NK) activity of leukocytes isolated from the spleen, lymph node, lung, and liver. The degree of NK augmentation was almost the same in these organs without lymph node, and reached to the maximum levels 3 days after cepharanthin administration. In addition, adherent leukocytes (greater than 95% macrophages) isolated from the lung or liver following cepharanthin administration also exhibited an augmented macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. These results suggest that such organ-associated immune responses may play an important role in the antitumor and/or antimetastatic effects mediated by cepharanthin.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Human leukocyte antigen in Sweet's syndrome and its relationship to Behçet's disease.

A 41-year-old man with Sweet's syndrome (SS) had symptoms similar to Behçet's disease (BD). To study the relationship of the two diseases, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was performed on 28 patients with SS and 49 patients with BD. Of the 28 patients with SS, seven had BD symptoms. The frequencies of both HLA-B51 and -DQw3 were significantly higher in patients with BD. However, the frequencies of the two HLA antigens in the 28 patients with SS and the 21 patients with SS without BD symptoms were not significantly different from the controls. The frequency of HLA-Bw54 was significantly increased in both groups of patients with SS. Taken together, these data indicate that SS is a genetically distinct disease entity from BD, although their symptoms are similar and the incidence of SS among patients with BD is high in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of the intrathecal humoral immune response in Brown Norway (BN) rats, infected with the murine coronavirus JHM.

Serum and CSF specimens from clinically healthy Brown Norway (BN) rats inoculated intracerebrally with corona virus JHM were analysed with respect to the state of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the intrathecal synthesis and isoelectric distribution of immunoglobulins (Ig). Increased CSF/serum ratios for Ig in the context of an intact BBB were never seen in the absence of intrathecal synthesis of virus-specific antibodies. Affinity-mediated immunoblot analysis revealed a broad pattern of virus-specific antibodies with embedded clusters of restricted heterogeneity, but no signs of oligoclonal Ig production carrying non-viral specificity. From these data it was concluded that BN rats do control the intracerebral spread of JHM virus effectively by a strong local virus-specific antibody response, thereby preventing a clinically apparent disease.

Albumins↗
PubMed1987

Comparative distribution kinetics of cefazolin and tobramycin in children.

The time courses of drug concentration in serum after i.v. drip infusion of 2 mg/kg of tobramycin and 25 mg/kg of cefazolin in children were analyzed by model-independent moment analysis. The volume of distribution at the steady state per body weight (Vdss/BW) of tobramycin was in the range of 212 to 335 ml/kg and that of cefazolin was 119 to 156 ml/kg. A plot of the differences of Vdss/BW obtained in the same child for tobramycin and cefazolin against the value of Vdss/BW of tobramycin gave a linear regression line (r = 0.971). The magnitude of Vdss (1) of tobramycin could be well interpreted as corresponding to the extracellular water volume. In the case of cefazolin, the extracellular water space accounts for about 60% of the total distribution volume. The remaining 40% of the total Vdss of cefazolin was considered to be accounted for by the disposing organs.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Lumbosacral intersegmental epispinal axons and ectopic ventral nerve rootlets.

An epispinal system of motor axons virtually covers the ventral and lateral funiculi of the human conus medullaris between the L-2 and S-2 levels. These nerve fibers apparently arise from motor cells of the ventral horn nuclei and join spinal nerve roots caudal to their level of origin. In all observed spinal cords, many of these axons converged at the cord surface and formed an irregular group of ectopic rootlets that could be visually traced to join conventional spinal nerve roots at one to several segments inferior to their original segmental level; occasional rootlets joined a dorsal nerve root. As almost all previous reports of nerve root interconnections involved only the dorsal roots and have been cited to explain a lack of an absolute segmental sensory nerve distribution, it is believed that these intersegmental motor fibers may similarly explain a more diffuse efferent distribution than has previously been suspected.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Comparative analysis of coronavirus JHM-induced demyelinating encephalomyelitis in Lewis and Brown Norway rats.

Lewis and Brown Norway rats were infected at different ages with the neurotropic murine coronavirus strain, JHM and the resultant central nervous system diseases were studied. Suckling rats of both strains came down with a fatal, acute encephalomyelitis. Weanling Lewis rats developed a subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis which neuropathologically revealed changes of an immunopathologic reaction. In contrast, Brown Norway rats developed a clinically silent subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis with a persistent JHM virus infection which was less severe and quite different from the subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats with respect to size, distribution, and localization of the demyelinating plaques as well as the type of infiltrating cells. In addition, infected Lewis rats showed a pronounced lymphocyte proliferation to myelin basic protein and JHM virus whereas lymphocytes from infected Brown Norway rats did not react to these two antigens. These observations demonstrate the pathogenetic importance of host factors in the development of virus-induced demyelination.

Aging↗