A solid-phase extraction (SPE) screening procedure for the isolation and gas chromatographic (GC) determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in eggs is described. Eggs are extracted with acetonitrile. The extract is subjected to a cleanup on tandem C18 and Florisil SPE columns. Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues are determined by GC with electron capture and flame photometric detection, respectively. Because the injected extracts are free from matrix interferences, the amount of residue present is easy to calculate. The average recoveries of 9 spiked organochlorine pesticide residues (0.01-1.0 ppm) ranged from 80.9 to 91.1%. The average recoveries of 7 spiked organophosphorus pesticide residues (0.02-0.50 ppm) ranged from 80.3 to 89.5%. The SPE method results in a 90% reduction in organic solvent consumption and an 85% reduction in hazardous waste production compared with the AOAC methodology.

Acetonitriles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Early and long term results of cardiac surgery in dialysis patients.

OBJECTIVES: The risk of cardiac surgery in dialysis patients is increased compared with other patient groups. We analyzed early and long term results following various cardiac procedures. METHODS: Between 1981 and 1992, 40 patients underwent cardiac surgery with a mean age of 55.7-years (range 31-71 years). Cardiac procedures: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) n = 20, aortic valve replacement (AVR) n = 6, mitral valve replacement (MVR) n = 4, AVR+CABG n = 1, MVR+CABG n = 1, AVR+MVR n = 2, combined heart and renal transplantation n = 2, atrial septal defect-closure n = 1, pericardial decortication n = 3. The preoperative NYHA functional classes were: NYHA II 5%, III 52.2%, IV 42.5%. Operative mortality was 15% (6/40). Hospital survivors were in NYHA functional classes I (3%), II (88.2%) and III (8.8%). A follow-up study was performed at 35 months (mean, range 1-93 months) postoperatively. RESULTS: There were 11 late deaths. The actuarial survival of all patients was 91% (1 year) and 69% (5 years). Following CABG it was 95% (1 year) and 72% (5 years). Survivors were in NYHA functional classes I 4.7%, II 85.8%, III 9.5%. CONCLUSION: Cardiac surgery in dialysis patients is associated with an acceptable hospital mortality. The quality of life of long term survivors is increased significantly. Thus we advocate surgical treatment in patients with symptomatic heart disease. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention in the NYHA functional class II may lead to a lower perioperative mortality.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cloning of mucosal and cutaneous HPV sequences in a metastatic squamous cell carcinoma from an epidermodysplasia verruciformis patient.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA tumor virus strongly associated with cervical neoplasias. There are over 80 different types of HPVs which can infect either mucosal or cutaneous tissue. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) associated with HPV are often seen in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). EV is characterized by cutaneous lesions that progress to SCC upon UV exposure. In characterizing the HPV types associated with an unusually aggressive form of EV, we have cloned an HPV with homology to the moderately oncogenic genital type HPV 34, the oncogenic EV type HPV 5 and from benign oral mucosal type HPV 32. The presence of sequences from these highly divergent types is a novel finding. These three viral types are from different phylogenetic branches of the HPV family believed to have evolved independently from each other.

Adult↗