To study the incidence of fibulocollateral ligament ankle sprains in the young male athlete, a survey of 84 varsity basketball players was done. Seventy percent of the players had a history of an ankle sprain. Eighty percent of those with a positive history had multiple sprains. Most of the injuries were mild, but in 32% of the injuries, the athlete missed more than 2 weeks of play. No medical attention was sought in 55% of the cases. About 50% of the athletes with a sprain had residual symptoms from their injuries; 15% of the injured athletes felt that their residual symptoms compromised their playing performance. This article emphasizes the potential seriousness of the ankle sprain in the young athlete and presents a recommended method of management, including assessment of severity, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hallux valgus assessment: report of research committee of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society.

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intraoperative intracranial angiography.

Forty-one intraoperative angiograms were performed on 39 patients undergoing surgical therapy for aneurysms or excision of deep arteriovenous malformations. Good quality radiographs were produced in each case using commonly available equipment. One nonfatal stroke syndrome was the only serious complication possibly attributable to these angiograms. The techniques of opacifying the anterior and posterior intracranial circulations are described and the value of angiography in the intraoperative situation is discussed.

Basilar Artery↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of diurnal rhythms in patients with intracranial hypertension: implications for management.

Decompensation of brain injured patients during the night is common and has been attributed to the retention of CO2 during sleep. When CO2 is controlled, such nocturnal decompensation needs another explanation; consequently, the records of 21 consecutive patients with acute closed head injuries and increased intracranial pressure were reviewed. There were 185 separate episodes of intracranial hypertension (30 mm Hg or more for 10 minutes or more) in the 21 patients, 124 of which (67%) occurred between 4:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. (p less than 0.01). Intravenous pentobarbital (3 to 5 mg/kg) was effective in reducing the intracranial pressure (ICP) to normal levels during 104 of the 124 early morning episodes (84%), whereas mannitol was less effective (7 of 17; 41%). This suggests that an increase in brain blood volume directly related to diurnal rhythm is responsible for the increase in ICP. Severe bradycardia and systemic arterial hypertension were unreliable predictors of elevation in ICP. They preceded or accompanied less than one-fourth of the episodes.

Bradycardia↗