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Biomedical subjects

R W Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to R W Shaw.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

CA 125 levels in endometriosis patients before, during and after treatment with danazol or LHRH agonists.

The levels of CA 125 in the serum of 54 patients with endometriosis were measured before, during and after treatment with Danazol or LHRH analogues. Patients with minimal and mild endometriosis had mean pre-treatment values significantly higher than control subjects in the luteal phase of the cycle or postmenopausal women (p less than 0.05), but levels were within the overall control range. In contrast, 78.6% of patients with moderate or severe endometriosis had levels in excess of 30 mu/ml and the mean values for these groups were significantly elevated (p less than 0.005). Levels of CA 125 fell, to those found in normal controls, during treatment, but rose again following cessation of treatment. Six of 12 subjects whose follow-up values of CA 125 exceeded 30 U/ml had a proven recurrence of endometriosis, whilst only 2 of 31 patients with values less than 30 U/ml had laparoscopically proven recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Is danazol a useful treatment in unexplained primary infertility?

39 patients with primary unexplained infertility were treated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study of danazol. 14 patients completed a treatment course of danazol and 17 of placebo. One patient in the placebo group conceived during the 12 months follow-up period, and none in the danazol group. Danazol does not seem to be an effective treatment for unexplained primary infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

An attempt to alter the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome using a gonadotrophin hormone releasing hormone agonist--Nafarelin.

The aim of this study was to see whether the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome could be altered by suppressing the abnormal cycle of events associated with abnormal gonadotrophins and androgens. Fifteen women with polycystic ovary syndrome were treated with the GnRH agonist Nafarelin at a dosage of 200 micrograms twice daily intranasally for a period of 3 or 6 months. Eight of these women also had a dexamethasone suppression test 0.5 mg four times daily for 48 h before and after treatment with Nafarelin, in order to differentiate between an adrenal and ovarian source for the excess androgens. Gonadotrophins and androgens were well suppressed, LH to a mean of 1.5 IU/l, testosterone to 1.1 nmol/l and androstenedione to 6.4 nmol/l. Three months after discontinuing Nafarelin, all these hormones had returned to pretreatment levels. The ultrasound appearance of the ovaries showed no consistent reduction in ovarian volume or the disappearance of ovarian follicles. Hirsutism showed slight improvement in four out of seven patients. After treatment one patient out of the eight complaining of infertility, conceived spontaneously and one patient ovulated on a reduced dosage of clomiphene. There was no change in the menstrual pattern of the others. Despite the achievement of good hormonal suppression, there was no change in the condition after therapy was discontinued suggesting that whatever the cause of the condition it remains a permanent situation.

Dexamethasone↗
PubMed1989

Long-term follow-up of patients with uterine fibroids after treatment with the LHRH agonist buserelin.

Ten patients with uterine fibroids palpable abdominally were treated with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist buserelin, administered intransally, 300 micrograms three times daily, for 6 months, and were then followed for a further 12 months. Oestrogen levels were markedly reduced in all patients during treatment. At the end of treatment the mean volume reductions were 44.4% (SEM 3.5) for total uterine volume and 57.3% (SEM 7.4) for volume of discrete fibroids as assessed ultrasonically. There was also marked improvement in associated symptoms. After buserelin therapy was stopped, the total uterine and discrete fibroid volumes returned to, or slightly exceeded, pretreatment volumes within 6 months in five patients, and by 12 months in two patients. Three other patients who underwent surgery for their fibroids during the first 4 months after treatment showed regrowth of fibroids to pretreatment size. Four comparable asymptomatic untreated patients showed no significant change in the total uterine or fibroid volume during six monthly ultrasonic assessments. Buserelin therapy may facilitate rather than replace surgery in the management of uterine fibroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Rationale in use of LHRH analogues in endometriosis.

In addition to surgery, several hormonal treatments are available for endometriosis. Although efficacious, drug treatment is limited by side effects. Recent work with LHRH analogues as a potential treatment for endometriosis has shown promising results.

Buserelin↗
PubMed1989

Mechanism of LHRH analogue action in uterine fibroids.

Luteinising hormone-releasing hormone analogues have been found to reduce the size of uterine fibroids. Further studies are required to determine their exact mechanism of action. However, they are known to induce hypo-oestrogenism, which leads to reduction in uterine arterial blood flow, one mechanism by which reduction of fibroid size is thought to occur.

Buserelin↗
PubMed1989

Zoladex versus danazol in the treatment of pelvic endometriosis: effects on plasma lipid risk factors.

Plasma lipid risk markers for coronary heart disease (CHD) are influenced by sex steroid concentrations. Therapies that alter sex hormone levels have the potential to affect CHD risk. Zoladex had no effect on plasma lipids, but increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfraction 3, a lipoprotein of uncertain clinical significance. Danazol increased low density lipoprotein and decreased HDL concentrations to give a lipid profile associated with increased risk of CHD.

Buserelin↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of the skeletal effects of goserelin and danazol in premenopausal women with endometriosis.

The skeletal effects of two therapies for endometriosis that produce hypo-oestrogenism in 23 premenopausal women have been studied. Eleven women received goserelin 3.6 mg monthly by subcutaneous implant and 12 women received danazol 600 mg daily, orally, both for 6 months. Goserelin causes a small decline in spinal bone density, but a greater loss of density in the proximal femur. Preliminary results show no evidence that bone loss is reversible after stopping therapy. Danazol treatment is not associated with loss of bone. Prolonged or repeated courses of treatment with goserelin alone could lead to a clinically significant adverse effect on the skeleton.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Spectroscopic and ligand-binding properties of an oxygen-binding heme protein from Chromatium vinosum.

Magnetic circular dichroism spectra were obtained for the oxidized and reduced forms of cyanide, azide and carbon monoxide complexes of an O2-binding hemeprotein isolated from the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium, Chronatium vinosum. Cyanide binding to the protein, which results in formation of a low-spin complex, was highly pH dependent with little complex formation observed at pH values near or below 7.

Azides↗
PubMed1988

Osmotic response of oocytes using a microscope diffusion chamber: a preliminary study comparing murine and human ova.

The hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of the plasma membrane determines how cells respond to the stresses of dehydration encountered during cryopreservation. We have used a microscope diffusion chamber which allows for direct real-time observation of the dynamic osmotic response of individual cells in microvolume suspension to compare the Lp of murine and human unfertilized ova. In this system, the response of an individual cell to the induced osmotic imbalance is documented via a series of photomicrographs or videotape; from these data the Lp can be computed. Donated human preovulatory oocytes were compared with macroscopically normal human ova, 43 hr after insemination, which had failed to fertilize (Ff) and with murine ova collected 13 hr post human chorionic gonadotropin injection. The permeability coefficients were 0.65 +/- 0.43, 0.84 +/- 0.39, and 0.36 +/- 0.07 micron3/micron2/atm/min. The results suggest that it may be possible to use Ff ova for experiments to design suitable cryopreservation procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Development of a self-administered questionnaire to measure women's knowledge of prenatal screening and diagnostic tests.

A prerequisite to an informed decision to undergo any screening or diagnostic test is knowledge about such a test. This study describes the development of a self-administered questionnaire to measure knowledge of prenatal tests, for use in studies concerning the uptake of these tests. Both the reliability (internal and test-retest) and predictive validity are evaluated. Validity is assessed in two studies: first, comparison is made between three criterion groups (two with experience of pregnancy, one without); and second, scores on the questionnaire are compared before and after women have been provided with information about possible tests. The results show this to be both a reliable and valid measure of knowledge about prenatal tests. The results also highlight aspects of knowledge that are lacking. For example, a sizeable minority of women were uncertain or incorrect in identifying which tests they had undergone in a recent pregnancy.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1988

GnRH agonists-antagonists--clinical applications.

We know that there is a wide range of clinical applications for GnRH analogues in the field of benign gynaecological disorders. As we understand more of the physiology and mechanism of these GnRH agonists, and there appear more varied and perhaps efficient delivery systems, and antagonists become available, it may be possible to develop a graded approach in suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary axis. The true potential of these agents is then yet to be fully realized. There can be no doubt they are going to influence practice dramatically over the next decade. The potency of these agents, perhaps specifically their effects of oestrogen deficiency and calcium bone metabolism, suggests that limitation of duration of use and timing of recurrent administration to individuals is likely to be necessary.

Buserelin↗