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Biomedical subjects

R W Ryder

Publications and source records attributed to R W Ryder.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Human milk contaminated with Salmonella kottbus. A cause of nosocomial illness in infants.

Human milk contaminated with Salmonella kottbus caused an outbreak of illness in seven of 22 infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. A case-control investigation failed to identify any risk factor except consumption of milk from a single donor, whose milk was subsequently found to be contaminated with S kottbus. Collection of human milk from properly instructed donors screened for microbiological pathogens, refrigeration of this milk at 1 to 5 degrees C after collection, and controlled distribution by a milk bank should minimize the few hazards associated with its consumption.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1977

Heat-stable enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and necrotizing enterocolitis: lack of an association.

During an outbreak of diarrhea in a special care nursery caused by heat-stable enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (serotype 078:H11:K80), nine (4.3%) of the 205 infants in the nursery developed necrotizing enterocolitis. Cases of necrotizing enterocolitis were not significantly more common in infants colonized or infected with these organisms; heat-stable enterotoxigenic E. coli was isolated from 5(56%) of nine cases of necrotizing ecterocolitis and from 27(38%) of the 71 infants without necrotizing enterocolitis who were also cultured. Our findings suggest that caution should be taken in implicating enterotoxigenic E. coli as a cause of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Reovirus-like agent as a cause of nosocomial diarrhea in infants.

Surveillance for nosocomial diarrhea due to a reovirus-like agent was maintained on the pediatric wards of a large metropolitan hospital in January and February, 1976, during a large community outbreak of that illness. During this period, 30 (27%) of 111 children under surveillance were admitted for dehydration secondary to diarrhea; 21 (70%) of these 30 children had RLA in stool samples obtained at admission. Ten (17%) of the 60 children admitted without diarrhea, hence at risk of acquiring nosocomial RLA infection, contracted the illness. With human RLA as an antigen, no hospital personnel had serologic (complement fixation test) evidence of infection. Early attempts to control the diarrhea at home and in the outpatient department by the use of oral fluid rehydration, isolation of patients with severe symptoms requiring hospitalization, and strict attention by hospital personnel to hand washing between examination of patients may limit nosocomial spread of the disease.

Child↗
PubMed1977

An evaluation of penicillin prophylaxis during an outbreak of foodborne streptococcal pharyngitis.

Between August 16 and 21, 1974, an outbreak of beta-hemolytic group A M-9 T-9 streptococcal pharyngitis affected 49% of a randomly selected group of inmates at a jail in southern Florida. Food-specific attack rates incriminated improperly stored egg salad served at lunch on August 16 as the vehicle of transmission. By August 20, 290 symptomatic inmates had been placed on penicillin or erythromycin; on that day fewer than 5% of throat cultures from 400 allegedly non-penicillin-allergic largely asymptomatic inmates, cultured just before penicillin prophylaxis, were positive for the epidemic strain. At the time prophylaxis was given, secondary transmission had accounted for only 3% of cases. No non-suppurative sequelae were observed but 5% of inmates who received penicillin prophylaxis experienced an adverse reaction to the drug. Although widespread penicillin prophylaxis during outbreaks of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis will likely prevent transmission of these organisms, prompt treatment of all symptomatic cases may be equally as effective in controlling adult institutional foodborne outbreaks of streptococcal pharyngitis and will likely minimize the number of adverse reactions to penicillin which may be seen.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1977

Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin: comparison of antitoxin assays and serum antitoxin levels.

The mouse adrenal tumor cells (Y-1 strain) and the Chinese hamster ovary cells, two routinely used tissue culture assays for Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), were used to detect serum antitoxin responses in culture-positive patients from several well-defined sources. There was no correlation between a significant antitoxin response and isolation of LT-producing E. coli in two "domestic" diarrheal outbreaks. Serum samples from a third group of individuals in a rural cholera-endemic area consistently demonstrated significant rises in neutralizing antibody to LT.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

Infantile diarrhea produced by heat-stable enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

Between December, 1974, and August 1975, intestinal illness occurred in 55 of 205 infants admitted to the special-care nurseries of a large children's hospital. Escherichia coli serotype 078:K80:H12, which produced a heat-stable enterotoxin, was isolated from 18 of 25 symptomatic infants as compared with 14 of 55 asymptomatic infants (P less than 0.001). Colistin administered prophylactically to 24 culture-negative asymptomatic infants did not prevent colonization in 10, whereas colonization did occur in 22 of 56 not receiving colistin (P = 1.0). This outbreak provides laboratory and epidemiologic evidence that heat-stable enterotoxigenic Esch. coli is pathogenic in human beings and produces infantile diarrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Plasmid-mediated properties of a heat-stable enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli associated with infantile diarrhea.

The plasmid mediation and transmissibility of heat-stable enterotoxin production and multiple antibiotic resistance have been demonstrated for Escherichia coli O78:K80:H12 epidemiologically incriminated in a hospital outbreak of infantile diarrhea. The conjugal transfer of a 67 X 10(6) - and a 30 X 10(6)-dalton plasmid was associated with the transfer of resistances and enterotoxin production, respectively. Using antibiotics to select E. coli K-12 transconjugants from a one-step bacterial cross, all of the monitored resistances were transferred concurrently, and 36% of the resistant transconjugants produced enterotoxin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Frequency of occurrence of Hepatitis C virus markers and risk factors among hospital personnel in the Novosibirsk region].

The occurrence of markers, the genotypic variety of isolates and the profile of risk factors with respect to viral hepatitis C among 629 employees of the Regional Clinical Hospital (RCH) in Novosibirsk and 1,020 employees of the Central District Hospital (CDH) in Iskitim were studied in a cross-sectional investigation. The occurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers was 5.1% in RCH and 2.2% in CDH. Among the risk factors in the population under study were: the medical history of blood transfusions (TF) with 0 TF, anti-HCV = 2.3%; 1 TF, = 5.7% > 1 TF, = 13.5% (p < 0.001); general anesthesia (GA) with < or = 2 GA, anti-HCV = 2.8%; > 2 GA, = 7.8% (p = 0.002); surgical interventions (SU) with 0 SU, = 1.9%; > 0 SU, = 4.3% (p = 0.012); the intravenous use of drugs (OR = 31.8); age (< or = 25 years, anti-HCV IgG = 8.6% > 25 years, = 4.5%); the number of partners of the opposite sex < or = 4 partners, = 2.4%; > 4 partners, = 6.9%; p < 0.001). The probable risk factors at a working place (pricks and cuts, contamination of mucous membranes with blood and other biological fluids, etc.) proved to be faintly related with the status of HBV infection. HBV isolates detected in the examined persons (35 examinees) were distributed by genotypes as follows: 60% of subtype 1b, 28.6% of subtype 2a/2c, 11.4% of subtype 3a. HBV of genotype 1a was not detected in the examined specimens, while the detection rate of genotype 2a/2c was considerably greater than in specimens obtained in the European and Asian parts of Russia (according to the data reported earlier).

Biomarkers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Search for Reiter's syndrome after an outbreak of Shigella sonnei dysentery.

Forty-seven % of 4,205 individuals living in a Puerto Rican community developed Shigella sonnei dysentery. Questionnaire and, where relevant, clinical evaluation of 1,970 patients and the remaining 2,235 unaffected residents disclosed no cases of Reiter's syndrome (RS). Among the possible explanations for failure to observe any cases is the important suggestion that S. sonnei is not arthritogenic.

Adult↗