Biomedical subjects

R W McCollum

Publications and source records attributed to R W McCollum.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1981

Viral hepatitis: report on WHO informal consultation.

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Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

A validation procedure for air sampling-analysis systems.

Validation of solid sorbent air sampling-analytical systems used to evaluate employee exposures to substances in the work place air is a fundamental part of any industrial hygiene air sampling program. In April, 1977, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) published "Documentation of the NIOSH Validation tests", as part of the Standards Completion Project. This paper presents an alternative validation procedure which is more easily understood, is more rigorous, and provides for greater accuracy and precision.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1977

A randomized, double blind controlled trial of the efficacy of immune serum globulin for the prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis. A Veterans Administration cooperative study.

A double blind, randomized, controlled trial has been conducted in 11 Veterans Administration hospitals during a 49-month period to compare the relative efficacies of immune serum globulin (ISG) and an albumin placebo for the prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH). A total of 2204 patients, of whom 1094 received ISG, participated in the study. The results indicate that ISG significantly reduced the incidence of icteric type non-B hepatitis only (inferred to be also type non-A hepatitis). Adverse reactions were rare, and the ISG did not significantly alter the incubation period or duration of the disease. The data suggest, however, that a similar reduction in type non-A, non-B hepatitis would have occurred had commercial blood been excluded from use. Analysis of the 241 patients who developed hepatitis indicates that type B hepatitis constituted less than 20% of the cases each year of the study. Furthermore, the efficacy of the ISG, manufactured in 1944, against apparent type non-A, non-B hepatitis suggests that this overlooked disease has existed from at least that time. Host- and transfusion-related factors that might have modified the development of PTH were examined. The use of commercial blood was observed to be the most important risk factor. It is concluded that the PTH incidence can be most effectively reduced by eliminating commercial donor blood, and continuing to screen volunteer donors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by sensitive procedures. Of prime importance is the need to define the agent(s) responsible for type non-A, non-B hepatitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Nonhuman primate-associated viral hepatitis type A. Serologic evidence of hepatitis A virus infection.

Since 1961, viral hepatitis has been recognized as an occupational hazard among handlers of newly imported chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates. To determine whether previously reported cases were caused by human viral hepatitis type A, we tested paired serum samples from two outbreaks for antibody to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA) by immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA), recently available test. In both outbreaks, one of hepatitis transmitted from chimpanzee to man (Michigan, 1964), the second from chimpanzee to chimpanzee, man, and woolly monkey (Connecticut, 1971), serologic data documented recent hepatitis A virus infection among contacts-human and nonhuman primate-of implicated chimpanzees. This confirms serologically a previously noted epidemiologic association between nonhuman primate-associated hepatitis and human viral hepatitis, type A.

Animals↗

PubMed1974