Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R W Logan

Publications and source records attributed to R W Logan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Dietary copper intake in artificially fed infants.

Plasma concentrations of copper and zinc and leucocyte concentrations of zinc were measured in mothers during later pregnancy, at delivery, and 8-10 weeks after birth, and plasma concentrations of copper and zinc were measured in their infants at delivery and 8-10 weeks after birth. The 145 infants were either breast fed or fed one of two milk formulas supplying copper at different concentrations. None of the infants achieved the minimum copper intakes recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). At 2 months of age there were no major differences in growth or health detected in infants fed the different copper intakes. Infant birth weight correlated well with the ratio of maternal venous plasma zinc:maternal leucocyte zinc at delivery. Maternal venous plasma copper and zinc concentrations at birth correlated with umbilical venous plasma copper and zinc concentrations. Infants fed the higher copper content formulas had a low mean plasma zinc concentration without a significant increase in the mean plasma copper concentration. The present WHO recommendations regarding minimum copper intakes for infants fed formulas cannot be achieved with currently available formulas and are probably wrong.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative determination of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid by enzymatic assay.

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was extracted from 54 human amniotic fluids for the assessment of fetal lung maturity. The PG values were derived from an enzymatic assay involving initial conversion of PG to glycerol by phospholipase C and alkaline phosphatase with subsequent analysis of the glycerol formed. This method proved to be reliable when compared with a method for two-dimensional thin layer chromatographic (2D TLC) analysis of amniotic fluid phospholipids. The results revealed that in all but one of 27 amniotic fluids in which no PG was detected by 2D TLC, enzymatic PG concentrations were less than or equal to 1.5 mumol/l and out of these, from 10 newborn infants delivered within 72 h of sampling, 4 developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Conversely, in all but one of 27 amniotic fluids found to contain PG by 2D TLC, enzymatic PG concentrations were greater than 1.5 mumol/l and except for one subject from non-identical twins, no infants developed RDS.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Renal vein renin measurement and arteriography in the investigation and management of severe childhood hypertension.

Forty-two children aged one to sixteen years with persistent and severe hypertension were investigated by renal vein renin measurements. There were no serious complications in the 49 procedures performed and technical failure occurred on three occasions. Arteriography was performed in 35. Asymmetrical renin release was found in 22 patients and of these 15 underwent surgery. This was successful in 12 patients (80%) who became normotensive. Ten had unilateral disease (100% cure rate) but only 2 (40%) with bilateral disease became normotensive. Renal vein renin studies combined with arteriography have a useful role in the investigation and management of childhood hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Copper deficiency in the preterm infant of very low birthweight. Four cases and a reference range for plasma copper.

Four preterm infants of very low birthweight (less than 1500 g) developed signs of copper deficiency between age 8 and 10 weeks. All had required prolonged ventilatory support, parenteral nutrition, and nasojejunal feeding. The clinical features, which included osteoporosis, oedema, anaemia, neutropenia, and late apnoea improved when the oral copper intake was increased. Diagnosis was made more difficult because a suitable reference range for plasma copper was not available. Serial measurements of plasma copper in 39 preterm infants who had no important medical problems were used to produce a reference range for plasma copper from 30 weeks' gestation to term plus seven weeks. This information will aid recognition of hypocupraemia in the very low birthweight infant who is particularly at risk of copper deficiency.

Copper↗
PubMed1984

Infantile type 2 sialidosis in a Pakistani family--a clinical and biochemical study.

Two siblings of consanguineous parents presented in infancy with failure to thrive, mild coarsening of facies, visceromegaly and corneal opacities. One showed reduced hepatic beta-galactosidase activity suggesting a GM1-gangliosidosis variant. Both patients developed progressive coarsening of facies, slow neurological deterioration, macular cherry-red spots and punctate cataracts over the first decade. Urine screening with thin layer chromatography revealed abnormal excretion of two slow-moving oligosaccharide bands and leukocyte and fibroblast neuraminidase activity was grossly reduced. The mother, phenotypically normal, showed levels of neuraminidase compatible with heterozygosity. These patients have primary neuraminidase deficiency. The clinical and biochemical variables are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Alloxan therapy for nesidioblastosis.

Two patients with nesidioblastosis presented to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Glasgow and developed recurrent hypoglycemia after subtotal pancreatectomy. They were treated successfully with alloxan (mesoxalyl urea). Alloxan is recommended as an alternative to further radical surgery.

Alloxan↗
PubMed1983

HPLC of phospholipids in biological fluids -- application to amniotic fluid for the prediction of fetal lung maturity.

Because of both the advantage of speed compared with thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the dearth of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods for phospholipid separation, it was decided to investigate the use of HPLC with a differential refractometer as detector for the separation and quantitation of amniotic fluid phospholipids required for the prediction of fetal lung maturity. A method was devised which gave results which compared well with those from TLC both in terms of quantitation and predictive value. Despite this, the method was found to lack sufficient reliability for application to the routine clinical assessment of fetal lung maturity. The method does, however, offer a good alternative to two dimensional TLC with phosphate analysis in research work involving quantitation of phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl glycerol and particularly lecithin.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1983

Microprocessor assisted handling of oestrogen receptor assays.

The use of an Apple II microcomputer equipped with a light-pen for interactive analysis of steroid receptor data is described. Processing times have been reduced to less than 5 minutes per patient from around 45-60 minutes by the manual method. Graphical outputs using full and part data sets with derived results are printed for subsequent verification by the Consultant Medical Biochemist. Data processing backlogs have been completely eliminated by this system. The program has, of course, general applicability to any analyses producing a linear correlation between the x and y parameters, and its use in oestrogen receptor analysis is detailed principally because of a considerable and increasing demand for such assays in our department.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1982

Amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol and the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in the assessment of fetal lung maturity.

Based on the analysis of 561 amniotic fluid samples obtained within 72 h of delivery, including 288 samples collected from the vagina, the detection of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in the fluid together with the determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio gave an accurate prediction of the risk of the newborn infant developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In the presence of PG, regardless of the L/S ratio, only 0.6% of the babies developed RDS, while absent PG was associated with an 82.8% incidence of RDS. The predictive ability was improved by knowing the L/S ratio since in the presence of both PG and a mature L/S ratio (greater than 2.0), no baby developed RDS whereas 3.4% of them did when the ratio was immature despite the presence of PG. The test appears to be a useful determinant of the risk of RDS in babies born to diabetic mothers and it seems particularly effective in assessing amniotic fluid collected vaginally. It is recommended that laboratories dealing with amniotic fluid from high-risk pregnancies should detect PG as well as measuring the L/S ratio.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1981

Reduced prevalence of rickets in Asian children in Glasgow.

As judged by admissions to a children's hospital, the prevalence of Asian rickets in Glasgow increased from 1960 to 1973 and then decreased gradually. 400 children born of Indian or Pakistani parents (200 in 1974 and 200 in 1979), from two schools, were examined for clinical, biochemical, and radiological evidence of vitamin-D deficiency. In 1974 there were 10 children with florid rickets and 15 with subclinical rickets, whereas in 1979 no child had florid rickets and only 9 had subclinical rickets. Most Asian children now receive vitamin-D supplements. In the short term, general practitioners, physicians, and obstetricians in the United Kingdom must try to ensure vitamin D supplementation not only by children but also by young adults (aged 13-18 years) of Asian origin. A particular target should be pregnant Asian women, to prevent osteomalacia, fetal hypovitaminosis, and congenital rickets. The long-term answer to Asian probably lies in health education and a change towards the Western diet and life-style.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Amniotic fluid phospholipid profile determined by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography as index of fetal lung maturation.

A phospholipid profile, the main features of which were the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and the presence or absence of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), was determined in amniotic fluid from 188 patients. There was a mature profile (L/S ratio of at least 2 . 0 and detectable PG) in 145 patients, including seven insulin-dependent diabetics, and noe of their babies developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The L/S ratio was less than 2 . 0 and PG absent in 12 patients, nine of whose babies developed RDS, whereas only three small babies (delivered between 28 and 35 weeks because of fulminant pre-eclampsia or severe abruptio placentae) out of 31 developed RDS when the L/S ratio was less than 2 . 0 but PG was present. When amniotic fluid was collected from the vagina only one out of 69 babies developed RDS when PG was present (regardless of the L/S ratio), while all of seven babies developed RDS when PG was absent. It is concluded that the amniotic fluid phospholipid profile, particularly the presence or absence of PG, gives an accurate assessment of fetal lung maturation. The profile may prove a useful adjunct to the management of high-risk pregnancies, especially after premature membrane rupture and perhaps also when the mother is diabetic.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

Iron deficiency in children undergoing adenoid-tonsillectomy.

Following a preliminary study of peripheral blood values in 30 children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, a biochemical survey of the iron status of another 108 children also undergoing this operation was made utilizing an automated micro-method. It was shown that 8.4% of these children were frankly iron-deficient but there was no statistical relationship between the levels of serum iron and iron-binding capacity, the incidence of throat infections and the levels of the plasma immunoglobulins. Assessment of all children undergoing this operation for the presence of iron deficiency is advocated as a possible routine screening procedure.

Adenoidectomy↗