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R W Lee

Publications and source records attributed to R W Lee.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Ionization balance in inertial confinement fusion hohlraums.

We present the first x-ray spectroscopic measurements of the ionization balance in inertial confinement fusion hohlraums supported by 4omega Thomson scattering diagnostics. The experimental data show agreement with non-LTE radiation-hydrodynamic calculations of the averaged Au charge state and electron temperatures. These findings are consistent with the successful integrated modeling of the hohlraum radiation fields. Comparisons with detailed synthetic spectra calculations show that the experimental ionization distribution is slightly shifted indicating nonsteady state kinetics.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Anomalous elastic response of silicon to uniaxial shock compression on nanosecond time scales.

We have used x-ray diffraction with subnanosecond temporal resolution to measure the lattice parameters of orthogonal planes in shock compressed single crystals of silicon (Si) and copper (Cu). Despite uniaxial compression along the (400) direction of Si reducing the lattice spacing by nearly 11%, no observable changes occur in planes with normals orthogonal to the shock propagation direction. In contrast, shocked Cu shows prompt hydrostaticlike compression. These results are consistent with simple estimates of plastic strain rates based on dislocation velocity data.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Towards development of an edible vaccine against bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis using transgenic white clover expressing a Mannheimia haemolytica A1 leukotoxin 50 fusion protein.

Development of vaccines against bovine pneumonia pasteurellosis, or shipping fever, has focused mainly on Mannheimia haemolytica A1 leukotoxin (Lkt). In this study, the feasibility of expressing Lkt in a forage plant for use as an edible vaccine was investigated. Derivatives of the M. haemolytica Lkt in which the hydrophobic transmembrane domains were removed were made. Lkt66 retained its immunogenicity and was capable of eliciting an antibody response in rabbits that recognized and neutralized authentic Lkt. Genes encoding a shorter Lkt derivative, Lkt50, fused to a modified green fluorescent protein (mGFP5), were constructed for plant transformation. Constructs were screened by Western immunoblot analysis for their ability to express the fusion protein after agroinfiltration in tobacco. The fusion construct pBlkt50-mgfp5, which employs the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter for transcription, was selected and introduced into white clover by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Transgenic lines of white clover were recovered, and expression of Lkt50-GFP was monitored and confirmed by laser confocal microscopy and Western immunoblot analysis. Lkt50-GFP was found to be stable in clover tissue after drying of the plant material at room temperature for 4 days. An extract containing Lkt50-GFP from white clover was able to induce an immune response in rabbits (via injection), and rabbit antisera recognized and neutralized authentic Lkt. This is the first demonstration of the expression of an M. haemolytica antigen in plants and paves the way for the development of transgenic plants expressing M. haemolytica antigens as an edible vaccine against bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Scenedesmus obliquus reflects an intermediate stage in the evolution of the green algal mitochondrial genome.

Two distinct mitochondrial genome types have been described among the green algal lineages investigated to date: a reduced-derived, Chlamydomonas-like type and an ancestral, Prototheca-like type. To determine if this unexpected dichotomy is real or is due to insufficient or biased sampling and to define trends in the evolution of the green algal mitochondrial genome, we sequenced and analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Scenedesmus obliquus. This genome is 42,919 bp in size and encodes 42 conserved genes (i.e., large and small subunit rRNA genes, 27 tRNA and 13 respiratory protein-coding genes), four additional free-standing open reading frames with no known homologs, and an intronic reading frame with endonuclease/maturase similarity. No 5S rRNA or ribosomal protein-coding genes have been identified in Scenedesmus mtDNA. The standard protein-coding genes feature a deviant genetic code characterized by the use of UAG (normally a stop codon) to specify leucine, and the unprecedented use of UCA (normally a serine codon) as a signal for termination of translation. The mitochondrial genome of Scenedesmus combines features of both green algal mitochondrial genome types: the presence of a more complex set of protein-coding and tRNA genes is shared with the ancestral type, whereas the lack of 5S rRNA and ribosomal protein-coding genes as well as the presence of fragmented and scrambled rRNA genes are shared with the reduced-derived type of mitochondrial genome organization. Furthermore, the gene content and the fragmentation pattern of the rRNA genes suggest that this genome represents an intermediate stage in the evolutionary process of mitochondrial genome streamlining in green algae.

Chlorophyta↗
PubMed2000

Fate of nitrate acquired by the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila.

The hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila lacks a mouth and gut and lives in association with intracellular, sulfide-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria. Growth of this tubeworm requires an exogenous source of nitrogen for biosynthesis, and, as determined in previous studies, environmental ammonia and free amino acids appear to be unlikely sources of nitrogen. Nitrate, however, is present in situ (K. Johnson, J. Childress, R. Hessler, C. Sakamoto-Arnold, and C. Beehler, Deep-Sea Res. 35:1723-1744, 1988), is taken up by the host, and can be chemically reduced by the symbionts (U. Hentschel and H. Felbeck, Nature 366:338-340, 1993). Here we report that at an in situ concentration of 40 microM, nitrate is acquired by R. pachyptila at a rate of 3.54 micromol g(-1) h(-1), while elimination of nitrite and elimination of ammonia occur at much lower rates (0. 017 and 0.21 micromol g(-1) h(-1), respectively). We also observed reduction of nitrite (and accordingly nitrate) to ammonia in the trophosome tissue. When R. pachyptila tubeworms are exposed to constant in situ conditions for 60 h, there is a difference between the amount of nitrogen acquired via nitrate uptake and the amount of nitrogen lost via nitrite and ammonia elimination, which indicates that there is a nitrogen "sink." Our results demonstrate that storage of nitrate does not account for the observed stoichiometric differences in the amounts of nitrogen. Nitrate uptake was not correlated with sulfide or inorganic carbon flux, suggesting that nitrate is probably not an important oxidant in metabolism of the symbionts. Accordingly, we describe a nitrogen flux model for this association, in which the product of symbiont nitrate reduction, ammonia, is the primary source of nitrogen for the host and the symbionts and fulfills the association's nitrogen needs via incorporation of ammonia into amino acids.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1999

Sympathetic activation in heart failure and its treatment with beta-blockade.

Multiple models explaining the pathogenesis of heart failure have been put forth during the past 5 decades. These models were modified as clinical evidence supported or refuted their assumptions. During the past 2 decades, heart failure models emphasized the importance of neurohormonal systems in heart failure progression. The positive impact that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have had on mortality from heart failure has bolstered the neurohormonal theory. Attention recently has turned to the sympathetic nervous system and its potential deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system in heart failure. The sympathetic nervous system can negatively impact the cardiovascular system in heart failure in several ways, including down-regulating beta1-receptors, exerting direct toxic effects on the myocardium, and contributing to myocardial remodeling and life-threatening arrhythmias. Beta-adrenergic blockers have shown promise for reducing morbidity and mortality in heart failure, but definitive reductions in mortality remain to be shown by future investigations.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1998

Interposition grafting for reoperation on the common femoral artery.

PURPOSE: This report details our experience with common femoral artery resection and Dacron interposition grafting in the management of vascular reoperations involving the common femoral artery. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Consecutive reoperative patients who had common femoral artery interposition grafting for arteriosclerotic occlusive disease from 1986 to 1997. INTERVENTIONS: Common femoral artery resection and interposition grafting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Operative morbidity and mortality rates and long-term patency, limb salvage, patient survival, freedom-from-graft-infection, and freedom-from-reoperation rates. RESULTS: Ninety-nine common femoral arteries (16 bilateral) were resected and replaced with Dacron interposition grafts in 83 patients (50 male, 33 female; mean age, 65 years) who had had 237 previous ipsilateral common femoral artery operations (mean, 2.4 operations; range, 1-9 operations). Simultaneous infrainguinal bypass grafts were performed in 52 operations (53%), and 60 operations (61%) were performed in patients who had had previous ipsilateral proximal bypass grafts. Operative mortality was 2%, with a 14% rate of perioperative wound complications. Mean follow-up time was 22 months. One- and 3-year assisted primary patency rates for the interposition grafts were 90% and 77%, respectively. Both 1- and 3-year life-table-determined limb salvage rates were 95%. One- and 3-year life-table-determined freedom-from-reoperation rates were 74% and 43%, respectively. One- and 3-year life-table-determined freedom-from-infection rates were 99% and 92%, respectively. One- and 3-year life-table-determined survival rates were 82% and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Common femoral artery resection and Dacron interposition grafting are safe, and they obviate many difficulties associated with reoperative common femoral artery surgery with satisfactory long-term results.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Complete sequence of the mitochondrial DNA of Chlamydomonas eugametos.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the Chlamydomonas eugametos (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyceae, sensu Mattox and Stewart) mitochondrial genome has been determined (22,897 bp, 34.6% G + C). The genes identified in this circular-mapping genome include those for apocytochrome b, subunit 1 of the cytochrome oxidase complex, subunits 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 of the NADH dehydrogenase complex, discontinuous large and small subunit ribosomal rRNAs and three tRNAs whose anticodons CAU, CCA and UUG are specific for methionine, tryptophan and glutamine, respectively. The C. eugametos mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), therefore, shares almost the same reduced set of coding functions and similar unusual features of rRNA gene organization with the linear 15.8 kb mtDNA of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the only other completely sequenced chlamydomonadalean mtDNA. However, sequence analysis of the C. eugametos mtDNA has revealed the following distinguishing features relative to those of C. reinhardtii: (1) the absence of a reverse transcriptase-like gene homologue, (2) the presence of an additional gene for tRNA(met) that may be a pseudogene, (3) a completely different gene order, (4) transcription of all genes from the same mtDNA strand, (5) a lower G + C content, (6) less pronounced bias in codon usage, and (7) nine group I introns, several of which contain open reading frames coding for potential maturases/endonucleases and two have a nucleotide at the 5' or 3' splice site of the deduced precursor RNAs that deviates from highly conserved nucleotides reported in other group I introns. The features of mitochondrial genome organization and gene content shared by C. eugametos and C. reinhardtii contrast with those of other green algal mtDNAs that have been characterized in detail. The deep evolutionary divergence between these two Chlamydomonas taxa within the Chlamydomonadales suggests that their shared features of mitochondrial genome organization evolved prior to the origin of this group.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Short repetitive sequences in green algal mitochondrial genomes: potential roles in mitochondrial genome evolution.

Current data on green algal mitochondrial genomes suggest an unexpected dichotomy within the group with respect to genome structure, organization, and sequence affiliations. The present study suggests that there is a correlation between this dichotomy on one hand and the differences in the abundance, base composition, and distribution of short repetitive sequences we observed among green algal mitochondrial genomes on the other. It is conceivable that the accumulation of GC-rich short repeated sequences in the Chlamydomonas-like but not Prototheca-like mitochondrial genomes might have triggered evolutionary events responsible for the distinct series of evolutionary changes undergone by the two green algal mitochondrial lineages. The similarity in base composition, nucleotide sequence, abundance, and mode of organization we observed between the short repetitive sequences present in Chlamydomonas-like mitochondrial genomes on one hand and fungal and vertebrate homologs on the other might extend to some of the roles that the short repetitive sequences have been shown to have in the latter. Potential involvements we propose for the short repetitive sequences in the evolution of Chlamydomonas-like mitochondrial genomes include fragmentation and scrambling of the ribosomal-RNA-coding regions, extensive gene rearrangements, coding-region deletions, surrogate origins of replication, and chromosomal linearization.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Functional outcome after infrainguinal bypass for limb salvage.

PURPOSE: Functional outcome after infrainguinal bypass (IB) has recently been assessed with global health status questionnaires but not by criteria specific to the objectives of IB (i.e., maintenance of independent living and ambulation). Preoperative and postoperative living situation and ambulatory status were evaluated in patients who underwent IB for limb salvage (LS) indications. METHODS: For patients in whom IB was performed for LS from January 1980 to July 1995, living situation (independent or dependent) and ambulatory status were assessed before the onset of the need for LS surgery and 6 months after surgery. The importance of risk factors (age, sex, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, renal insufficiency or failure, previous leg bypass, indication for surgery, postoperative morbidity, graft patency) was assessed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: IB for LS was performed in 513 patients. Before the development of the indication for LS surgery, 92% lived independently and 91% were ambulatory. The operative mortality rate was 2.7%. At 6 months, 86% were alive and the assisted primary graft patency rate was 92%. Ninety-nine percent of survivors who lived independently before developing the need for LS surgery remained independent 6 months after surgery, and 97% of those who were ambulatory before developing the need for LS surgery were ambulatory 6 months after surgery. Only one of 25 survivors (4%) who were not living independently before surgery achieved independent living 6 months after surgery. Twenty-one percent of nonambulatory patients (6 of 29) became ambulatory. Multivariate analysis confirmed the importance of preoperative living situation and ambulatory status in predicting outcome at 6 months (p < 0.0001). Amputation and loss of primary patency were predictive of poor ambulatory status at 6 months (p < 0.0001, p = 0.025, respectively). The overall 5-year survival rate was 48.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative independence and ambulation best predict postoperative independence and ambulation after IB for LS indications. IB procedures performed for limb salvage have a low operative mortality rate and maintain independent living and ambulation in 99% and 97% of patients, respectively. Poor overall long-term outcome and survival in LS patients results from intercurrent illness and not from IB.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Peroneal bypass is equivalent to inframalleolar bypass for ischemic pedal gangrene.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if peroneal bypass is a suitable alternative to inframalleolar bypass in patients with ischemic pedal gangrene. DESIGN: Review of a prospectively acquired vascular registry. SETTING: University practice limited to vascular surgery. PATIENTS: Patients with chronic lower-extremity ischemia and pedal gangrene evaluated between 1985 and 1995 in whom the only options for arterial reconstruction were bypass to the peroneal or an inframalleolar artery. INTERVENTIONS: Peroneal or inframalleolar reverse vein bypass. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time to healing and lifetable analyses of survival, primary patency, and limb salvage. RESULTS: Eighty-three peroneal and 46 pedal bypasses were performed for ischemic foot gangrene. The groups were equivalent for sex, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertension, renal failure, hypercoagulable states, previous ipsilateral bypass, smoking, and preoperative ankle-brachial indices. Patients with inframalleolar bypass were younger than patients with peroneal bypass (63.9 vs 71.6 years, P = .005) and had higher postoperative ankle-brachial indices (1.02 vs 0.91, P = .004). However, 3-year survival rates (69.1% inframalleolar vs 60.0% peroneal, P = .35), limb salvage rates at 2 years (70.3% vs 85.8%, P = .10), and time to wound healing (19.7 vs 21.6 weeks, P = .66) were equivalent. CONCLUSION: Peroneal and inframalleolar bypass for ischemic pedal gangrene have equivalent intermediate-term survival, limb salvage, and wound healing. Surgeons should not feel obliged to perform inframalleolar bypass for pedal gangrene if peroneal bypass is possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Evolution of fragmented mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes in Chlamydomonas.

The fragmented mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) of the green algae Chlamydomonas eugametos and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are discontinuously encoded in subgenic modules that are scrambled in order and interspersed with protein coding and tRNA genes. The mitochondrial rRNA genes of these two algae differ, however, in both the distribution and organization of rRNA coding information within their respective genomes. The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the phylogenetic relationships between the mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences of C. eugametos and C. reinhardtii and those of the conventional mitochondrial rRNA genes of the green alga, Prototheca wickerhamii, and land plants and (2) to attempt to deduce the evolutionary pathways that gave rise to the unusual mitochondrial rRNA gene structures in the genus Chlamydomonas. Although phylogenetic analysis revealed an affiliation between the mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences of the two Chlamydomonas taxa to the exclusion of all other mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences tested, no specific affiliation was noted between the Chlamydomonas sequences and P. wickerhamii or land plants. Calculations of the minimal number of transpositions required to convert hypothetical ancestral rRNA gene organizations to the arrangements observed for C. eugametos and C. reinhardtii mitochondrial rRNA genes, as well as a limited survey of the size of mitochondrial rRNAs in other members of the genus, lead us to propose that the last common ancestor of Chlamydomonas algae contained fragmented mitochondrial rRNA genes that were nearly co-linear with conventional rRNA genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Optional elements in the chloroplast DNAs of chlamydomonas eugametos and C. moewusii: unidirectional gene conversion and co-conversion of adjacent markers in high-viability crossses.

Unlike most polymorphic markers in the Chlamydomonas eugametos and Chlamydomonas moewusii chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs), the C. moewusii 6- and 21-kb extra sequences and the C. eugametos-specific CeLSU small middle dot 5 intron are transmitted to all of the few viable progeny in reciprocal crosses between the two green algae. To determine whether this unidirectional transmission pattern is due to gene conversion or to selection for F1 hybrid survival, we followed the inheritance of the parental alleles at the loci featuring these three deletions/additions and at several other polymorphic cpDNA loci in zygospore clones derived from high-viability crosses. The great majority of the zygospore clones examined inherited exclusively the long alleles from the mt- parent at the loci containing the three optional cpDNA elements, but as expected, they preferentially inherited the markers from the mt+ parent at most other loci. Our results therefore indicate that all three optional cpDNA sequences propagate themselves very efficiently by gene conversion in crosses between strains differing by the presence of these elements. The co-conversion tracts associated with these sequences are longer (>3 kb) than those previously reported for mobile elements spreading by gene conversion. Our results also revealed that less efficient gene conversion events occurred at two other cpDNA loci.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

Prospective comparison of infrainguinal bypass grafting in patients with and without antiphospholipid antibodies.

PURPOSE: The antiphospholipid antibodies (APL)-anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL) and lupus anticoagulant (LA)-are widely believed to be associated with decreased lower extremity bypass graft patency rates. To date, no prospective cohort study has confirmed this assumption. A prospective comparison of the result of infrainguinal revascularization procedures performed since 1990 in patients with and without APL forms the basis of this report. METHODS: Patients who underwent elective infrainguinal bypass procedures from 1990 to 1994 were evaluated for hypercoagulable states (ACL, LA, protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III). Patient data were prospectively entered in a computerized vascular registry, and postoperative follow-up was maintained for life. Graft patency, limb salvage, and patient survival rates were calculated by life-table methods. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-seven lower extremity bypass grafting procedures were performed in 262 patients. APLs were present in 83 patients (32%); 70 patients (84%) had ACLs only, 11 patients (13%) had LA only, and two patients (3%) had both ACLs and LA. There was no significant difference between APL-positive and APL-negative patients with respect to demographics, associated medical conditions, indication for operations, and type of procedures performed. More patients who had APLs had warfarin treatment after surgery (43% vs 24%, p = 0.002). Life table 4-year primary patency rates showed minimal difference (APL-positive, 43%; APL-negative, 59%; p = 0.087), and no significant difference was noted in assisted primary patency rates (APL positive, 72%; APL negative, 73%; p = NS), limb salvage rates (APL positive, 79%; APL negative, 88%; p = NS), and patient survival rates (APL positive, 67%; APL negative, 66%; p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: APLs were found in a surprising one third of the patients who underwent leg bypass grafting procedures. The majority of APLs identified were ACLs (87%). There was minimal difference in graft primary patency rates, and no difference in assisted primary patency, limb salvage, and survival rates between patients with and without APLs who underwent leg bypass grafting procedures. The extreme morbidity rate associated with APLs in previous reports is not confirmed by this prospective study. APLs should not be regarded as a contraindication to indicated leg bypass grafting procedures.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Improving selection of patients with less than 60% asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis for follow-up carotid artery duplex scanning.

PURPOSE: The Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) indicated significant benefit from endarterectomy compared with medical therapy for patients with 60% to 99% asymptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) stenoses. To date, optimal selection of patients for vascular laboratory follow-up to determine progression from < 60% to > or = 60% asymptomatic ICA stenosis is unknown. To determine which patients with < 60% asymptomatic ICA stenoses are at greatest risk for short-term progression to > or = 60% without symptoms, we reviewed vascular laboratory results and clinical risk factors of consecutive patients who were prospectively observed in a study of atherosclerosis progression. METHODS: Carotid duplex studies were obtained every 6 months and were reviewed for progression from < 60% to > or = 60% asymptomatic ICA stenosis by using criteria that were developed and reported by our laboratory. Clinical risk factors and velocities from initial duplex scans were analyzed for association with progression from < 60% to > or = 60% ICA stenoses without symptoms. RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-three patients (mean age, 66 years) with 434 asymptomatic < 60% ICA stenoses were prospectively observed for a mean of 20 months, with a mean of four examinations per patient. Seventeen patients (6.5%) and 18 ICAs (4%) progressed without symptoms to > or = 60% ICA stenoses at a mean of 18 months. Clinical risk factors associated with progression to > or = 60% asymptomatic ICA stenosis included elevated systolic blood pressure and decreased ankle-brachial index (p = 0.05). The mean initial ICA peak systolic velocity (PSV) in ICAs that progressed to > or = 60% asymptomatic stenoses was 180 cm/sec, compared with 104 cm/sec in asymptomatic ICAs that did not progress to > or = 60% (p = 0.0003). Thirty-one percent of asymptomatic ICAs that had initial PSVs of 175 cm/sec or greater progressed to > or = 60% stenosis, whereas only 1.8% that had initial PSVs less than 175 cm/sec progressed to > or = 60% asymptomatic stenoses (p < 0.001). The life-table-determined rate of freedom from progression to > or = 60% stenosis was 94% at 4 years for asymptomatic ICA lesions that had initial PSVs less than 175 cm/sec, compared with 14% at 3 years for lesions that had initial PSVs > or = 175 cm/sec. CONCLUSIONS: Early progression from < 60% asymptomatic ICA stenoses to > or = 60% asymptomatic ICA stenoses occurs infrequently. Patients who are at the greatest risk of early progression without symptoms to an ACAS-positive lesion can be identified from the ICA PSV at their initial duplex examination. Early vascular laboratory follow-up of asymptomatic ICA stenoses may be limited to a relatively small group.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Results of bypass to the popliteal and tibial arteries with alternative sources of autogenous vein.

PURPOSE: The goal of an all-autogenous policy for infrainguinal arterial bypass requires that many bypasses be performed with alternative autogenous veins (AAV) because an adequate length of ipsilateral or contralateral greater saphenous vein (GSV) is not available. The durability and efficacy of infrainguinal vein bypasses constructed of venous conduits other than a single segment of greater saphenous vein (SSGSV) is, however, questioned. METHODS: AAV and GSV bypasses were reviewed from 1980 through 1994. Patients who required bypass to the popliteal or a tibial artery were compared for vascular surgical history and vascular disease risk factors and life-table survival. AAV and SSGSV procedures were compared for indications for surgery, morbidity and mortality rates, limb salvage rates in patients who underwent surgery for limb-salvage indications, subsequent need for revision, and life-table-assisted primary patency. RESULTS: Nine hundred nineteen autogenous vein bypasses were performed to the popliteal or a tibial artery--187 (20%) with AAVs, including whole or partial arm vein conduits in 144 grafts (77%). One hundred fourteen AAVs (61%) required vein splicing. The mortality rate was 2% for SSGSV bypasses and 1% for AAV bypasses. The morbidity rate was higher for GSV surgery as a result of increased wound complications (11% vs 5%; p=0.02). Sixty-seven percent of patients with AAV bypass extremities had undergone previous ipsilateral arterial surgery, compared with 20% of patients with SSGSV bypasses (p0.0005). AAV bypasses were more likely to be to a tibial artery (71% vs 45%; p<0.0001). Twelve percent of SSGSV and 15% of AAV popliteal bypasses required revision (p=NS). The 5-year assisted primary patencies were 82%, 77%, and 63%, with limb salvage rates of 91%, 86%, and 74% for ipsilateral SSGSV, contralateral SSGSV, and AAV femoropopliteal bypasses, respectively. Twelve percent of SSGSV and 30% of AAV tibial bypasses required revision (p=0.0001). The 5-year assisted primary patencies were 74%, 82%, and 72%, with limb salvage rates of 84%, 92% and 78% for ipsilateral SSGSV, contralateral SSGSV, and AAV femorotibial bypasses, respectively. CONCLUSION: AAV bypasses can provide overall results comparable with SSGSV bypasses.

Aged↗