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Biomedical subjects

R W Jones

Publications and source records attributed to R W Jones.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1967

Mechanics of horizontal movement of the human eye.

1. The mechanics of the muscle-eyeball system of the human has been re-investigated by careful examination of the motion of the eye after it is mechanically adducted and released by means of a suction contact lens attached to it.2. Orbital stiffness during adduction is found to be about 1.25 g/deg which is near the value of 1.2 g/deg reported by Robinson (1965) for abduction. However, the results also show that the stiffness decreases to 0.65 g/deg after approximately 5 degrees of adduction.3. It is concluded that for horizontal motion the globe may be considered as being in series with an elastic component which has a stiffness of 9.0 g/deg. This series elastance, arising from the extraocular muscles, muscle tendons, and from other orbital tissue appears to increase in stiffness as muscle innervation increases.4. The experiments show that the muscle-eyeball system of the human is heavily damped which confirms the results of Robinson (1964).5. Evidence is presented which indicates that the extraocular muscles are dominant factors in horizontal eye motion.

Eye Movements↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health visitor intervention to reduce days of unplanned hospital re-admission in patients recently discharged from geriatric wards: the results of a randomised controlled study.

A randomised controlled trial was conducted to assess whether a single intervention by a health visitor reduced the unplanned re-admission of elderly people discharged from geriatric wards. Two hundred and four consecutive discharges from geriatric wards were randomly allocated to receive either a single visit from the health visitor at 72 h in addition to normal follow-up services or to a control group receiving the normal follow-up services. The primary outcome measure was the unplanned re-admissions over the following 6 months. There were 40 cases and 43 control patients with unplanned re-admissions in the first 6 months. The total lengths of the unplanned re-admissions were 1237 days for cases and 1427 for controls, an average of 12.1 days for cases and 14.0 for controls (95% confidence interval -4.9 to 8.7 days, not significant). A visit by a health visitor to elderly patients after discharge from geriatric wards is unlikely to be of sufficient benefit to the patients for the service to be funded from a saving in unplanned re-admissions.

Clinical Trial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computerised anaesthesia monitoring using fuzzy trend templates.

The task of administering anaesthesia requires the clinician to be vigilant for long periods of time to detect the onset of adverse conditions. Large amounts of data must be analysed in real-time and, if a problem is detected, it must be diagnosed as a matter of urgency, this being done while other management protocols are being carried out. For these reasons it would be of benefit if automated decision support could be provided for anaesthesia monitoring, to lighten the cognitive load on the anaesthetist. The Sentinel anaesthesia monitor has been developed with this objective in mind. It uses a fuzzy time-domain pattern matching technique, termed fuzzy trend templates, to detect vaguely specified patterns in multiple physiological data streams. These patterns are representative of symptoms associated with undesirable patient states. The system is capable of detecting trends and states such as 'significant rise' and 'high', and associating vague duration and temporal intervals with individual trends. Fuzzy trend templates have proven to be quite intuitive to specify, given linguistic (anaesthetists') knowledge about the problem domain. Sentinel's implementation of fuzzy trend templates also uses an extension to fuzzy logic based on the theory of evidence, to handle situations where desired information is not available, for example, when sensors are not being used. In off-line testing, Sentinel has achieved sensitivity and specificity of above 90% in the diagnosis of seven common or serious conditions that can arise during anaesthesia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Music enhances category fluency in healthy older adults and Alzheimer's disease patients.

Exposure to some music, in particular classical music, has been reported to produce transient increases in cognitive performance. The authors investigated the effect of listening to an excerpt of Vivaldi's Four Seasons on category fluency in healthy older adult controls and Alzheimer's disease patients. In a counterbalanced repeated-measure design, participants completed two, 1-min category fluency tasks whilst listening to an excerpt of Vivaldi and two, 1-min category fluency tasks without music. The authors report a positive effect of music on category fluency, with performance in the music condition exceeding performance without music in both the healthy older adult control participants and the Alzheimer's disease patients. In keeping with previous reports, the authors conclude that music enhances attentional processes, and that this can be demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent primary vulvovaginal malignant melanoma arising in melanoma in situ--the natural history of lesions followed for 23 years.

Multifocal melanoma and melanoma in situ of the vulva and vagina are uncommon lesions, and our understanding of their natural history is limited. Vulvovaginal melanoma appears to be biologically different from cutaneous melanoma and has more in common with mucosal melanoma. A 60-year-old woman presented in 1977 with a pigmented vulvar lesion. Histologic examination revealed melanoma in situ associated with focal invasive melanoma. She re-presented with recurrent primary melanomas arising in melanoma in situ in 1990 and 1998 and died of widespread metastatic melanoma in 2000. Melanoma in situ of the vulva and vagina is rare and appears to have a relatively slow but definite progression to invasive melanoma. All suspicious pigmented lesions in this region should be biopsied, and if multifocal in situ melanoma is identified, vulvo(vagin)ectomy should be considered.

Fatal Outcome↗