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Biomedical subjects

R W Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to R W Jackson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Patellectomy as a salvage operation].

One hundred seven patients were examined who had undergone patellectomies between 1965 and 1983 (113 patellectomies). The mean follow-up time was 10.5 years (3-17.5 years) and the average age of the patients 42.6 years. There were three distinct groups of operative techniques: (1) the purse-string technique in 40 patellectomies; (2) the vastus medialis technique in 24 patellectomies; (3) other techniques in 49 patellectomies. The indications for patellectomy were: chondromalacia, 56 cases; comminuted patellar fractures, 32 cases; arthritis, 17 cases; recurrent patellar dislocations, 8 cases. The patients were examined for pain, rage of motion, giving way, swelling, quadriceps strength, activity and cosmetic results (interview, physical examination, Cybex and radiographic study). In the purse-string technique group, 81% of the cases ended up with good or excellent results; in the vastus medialis group there were 79% and in the third group only 73% good or excellent results. Among the patellectomies for comminuted fractures, 75% had excellent results. The clinical outcome of patelletomy for arthritis is fair, for recurrent dislocation favorable, and for chondromalacia variable and not predictable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Rhodopsin's amino terminus is a principal antigenic site.

Antisera and monoclonal antibodies to rhodopsin were examined for their binding specificity to rhodopsin by using peptides from the rhodopsin sequence as competitors for antibody binding to rhodopsin in an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Monoclonal antibodies tested were raised in mice against bovine and rat rhodopsin. Antisera tested were raised in sheep against bovine rhodopsin and in rabbits against human rhodopsin. Peptides were synthesized from the bovine rhodopsin sequences 2-32, 1-12, 13-23, 24-34, 5-11, 231-252 and 331-348 for use as competitors in the immunoassay. A mixture of soluble CNBr peptides, and the purified CNBr peptide representing the sequence 2-39 were also employed. The monoclonal antibodies were all anti-amino-terminal in their binding specificity, although each recognized slightly different regions of the amino terminus. Each of the three antisera was predominantly directed against rhodopsin's amino terminus. We conclude that the amino-terminal 30 or more amino acids, and particularly the amino-terminal 15 amino acids, represent a principal antigenic region of the rhodopsin molecule.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Synovial haemangioma of the knee joint: diagnosis by arthroscopy.

Synovial haemangiomas are a rare cause of recurrent knee effusions. The problem usually presents in childhood, but the diagnosis is often not made for many years. Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic diagnosis is often non-specific, leading to prolonged diagnostic uncertainty. Arteriography, venography, thermography, and computer tomography may be useful once the diagnosis is made. Arthroscopy should be considered early on to make the diagnosis and biopsy the tumor so that further surgery, studies, and treatment can be carried out.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Intra-articular pressure in the knee during routine arthroscopy.

The intra-articular pressure in 19 knees was studied during routine knee arthroscopy with saline insufflation. Filling pressures of up to 300 mm Hg were noted. The average range of intra-articular pressure during the procedure was found to be 40-70 mm Hg. Higher pressures were usually needed to keep good distension while performing arthroscopic surgery in the suprapatellar pouch, whereas the pressure could be as low as 20 mm Hg and still enable good vision in the tibio-femoral compartments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Percutaneous bone marrow grafting of fractures and bony defects. An experimental study in rabbits.

Since bone marrow has been shown to contain osteoprogenitor cells, an experiment was devised to test its effects when injected percutaneously into osteotomies and 2-cm bony defects produced in rabbit radii. The parameters tested included callus volume, breaking load, tensile strength, and cross-sectional area of callus at the fracture or bony defect site. At two weeks postgrafting callus volume was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the grafted radii than in the contralateral saline controls. By four weeks all four parameters were significantly greater in the bone marrow grafted radii than in the contralateral saline controls. Serial radiographs and histology confirm this advanced fracture healing in the grafted bones. The earlier and more abundant callus, at the bone marrow grafted sites, was felt to provide earlier and greater stability, resulting in decreased early healing time when contrasted with the saline controls. Similarly, the bony defects that were grafted with bone marrow united by a bony bridge, whereas the saline controls did not. Percutaneous bone marrow grafting is a simple semi-invasive technique that may have potential clinical applications.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The scope of arthroscopy.

Arthroscopic surgery is an established technique and is frequently done as an out-patient procedure. The technique requires two or three portals of entry into the joint with visual triangulation of operating instruments towards the area of pathology. Increased diagnostic accuracy, definitive endoscopic treatment, and minimal morbidity are major advances derived from arthroscopy.

Arthroscopes↗
PubMed1985

The septic knee--arthroscopic treatment.

It is well known that infection of a major weight-bearing joint can be a disastrous occurrence. Arthroscopy has been found to aid immeasureably in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Under arthroscopic control, adhesions can be broken down, necrotic tissue can be lavaged from the joint and, following the installation of drainage tubes, the processes of distension and irrigation can be carried out. By so doing, and in conjunction with systemic antibiotic therapy, a significant improvement in results of sepsis in major joints has been achieved, with all cases so treated being considered good to excellent at follow-up. It may be that the major benefit of the distention/irrigation method lies in the distension process which prevents loculation of necrotic tissue in the recesses of the joint and also prevents adhesion formation which might later restrict range of motion.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1985

Muscle strength and aerobic power--a study of lower-limb disabled males.

The relationship between arm strength and aerobic power (VO2 peak) was examined in 35 lower-limb disabled males. Equations related predicted VO2 peak to simple measurements of isokinetic and/or static strength. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) showed that after allowance for level of habitual activity and lesion level there was a highly significant relationship between VO2 peak and simple strength measurements (greater for isokinetic than for static data). The findings suggest that in the wheelchair-bound the extent to which arm strength is developed has more impact upon cardiovascular performance than does the anatomical level of the lesion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Operative arthroscopy.

With appropriate instrumentation it is now possible to follow a diagnostic arthroscopy with a definitive surgical procedure. Arthroscopic surgery has become an established technique in many centres of the world and in most instances, is done on an out-patient basis. Partial meniscectomy and other operative procedures involve either two or three portals of entry into the joint, with visual triangulation of instruments to the area of the pathology.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1984

The arthroscopic treatment of chondromalacia patellae.

Three hundred and nineteen patients who had chondromalacia patellae and persistent patellofemoral pain after six months of conservative management underwent arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery. The results in four aetiological groups were reviewed at one year and five years after operation. Morbidity was minimal. Lavage produced early remission in all groups. Shaving offered a particular advantage in the post-traumatic group. Lateral release plus shaving and lavage was beneficial in the group with maltracking patellae and in half of the idiopathic group. In the group with unstable patellae, lateral release produced good results in only one in four patients. In conclusion, we consider that arthroscopic surgery has a useful role to play in the management of chondromalacia patellae.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1984

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

This is a review of the results of 17 knees treated by modular-type (Marmor) unicompartmental knee prostheses. The average age at the time of the operation was 62 years with an average follow-up period of 59 months. All the patients improved and were satisfied with the operation. There were no cases of revision or degenerative changes in the opposite compartment. It seems clear that the indications for this procedure should be an elderly person with severe pain and single-compartment disease. The knee should have a correctable deformity with good range of motion, minimal flexion contracture, and good quadriceps strength.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Field testing: assessment of physical fitness of disabled adults.

The objectives of this investigation were (i) to develop simple field-test procedures for examining the cardio-respiratory and muscular strength fitness of lower-limb disabled individuals and (ii) to compare fitness levels across disabilities and physical activity levels. Forty-nine disabled adults (42 males and 7 females) were classified according to (i) functional and/or muscular deficit and, (ii) level of habitual physical activity. A forearm ergometer test was used to determine peak oxygen intake (VO2 peak). Sex-specific regression equations developed from the direct test were used in conjunction with a modified Astrand-Ryhming equation to predict VO2 peak from sub-maximal test results. Likewise, an equation was developed to predict isokinetic upper body strength (UBS) from cable tensiometry and hand grip force. The predictive power of the sub-maximal ergometer test was fair (r = 0.67), while the isometric strength measurements were relatively effective in predicting isokinetic total UBS (r = 0.82). Class 1 differed significantly from all other classes with respect to VO2 peak and UBS. The more active individuals also achieved significantly higher scores (p less than 0.05) for both variables. This study shows that an estimate of peak oxygen intake and UBS can be obtained from simple field tests and that active disabled individuals are more fit than their inactive counterparts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A rapid sensitive radioimmunoassay for rhodopsin: development and application.

Antisera have been raised against unbleached chromatographically pure bovine rhodopsin. A rapid sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for rhodopsin, employing [125I]rhodopsin labeled using the Bolton-Hunter reagent. Protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus cells are used to precipitate the immune complex. Subpicomolar amounts of rhodopsin can be determined when the RIA is performed in the dark using any of nine different detergents tested. When the RIA is performed using bleached rhodopsin, the results are dependent upon the detergent in which the assay is performed. Bleached rhodopsin is most immunologically similar to unbleached rhodopsin in the mildest detergents and less similar in harsher detergents. One and a half times more bleached rhodopsin is required to compete to the same extent as unbleached rhodopsin when the RIA is performed in digitonin. Results for other detergents are: sucrose monoester, 5.0; CHAPS, 64; sodium cholate, 91; octylglucoside, 250; Triton X-100, 430; Emulphogene, 570; Ammonyx LO approximately 14,000; CTAB, unmeasureable. Other species of rhodopsin were tested as competitive in the RIA. Pig rhodopsin is 1/100th as effective a competitor as bovine rhodopsin, rat 1/200th, and frog 1/800th.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Arthroscopic, open partial, and total meniscectomy. A comparative study.

The results of three different types of meniscectomy have been compared in 219 knees, 71 treated by arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, 45 treated by open partial meniscectomy, and 103 treated by open total meniscectomy, with a mean follow-up of 4.3 years. Knees which had undergone previous operations or had other simultaneous operative procedures or ligamentous damage were excluded. Knees with chondromalacia were included provided that this did not amount to frank osteoarthritis. Simple indicators were used for the rate of early recovery from the operation, and the Tapper and Hoover scale was used to record the symptomatic results in the longer term. It was found that knees treated by arthroscopic partial meniscectomy did considerably better than the others by all the criteria used. In most parts of the study there was a clear gradation between the results of the three types of treatment: arthroscopic techniques did better than open operations, and partial meniscectomy did better than total meniscectomy.

Adult↗