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Biomedical subjects

R W Hill

Publications and source records attributed to R W Hill.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Differences between self- and peer ratings of interpersonal problems.

Interpersonal problems are frequently a source of distress for individuals and the focus of psychotherapeutic interventions. A self-report circumplex measure, the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex (IIP-C), was modified for this investigation to acquire peer report data on interpersonal problems to help assess the validity of self-reported problems. The peer report data replicated the circumplex model of the IIP-C and when general interpersonal distress was removed (by ipsatizing), the data suggested that peers observed more domineering, vindictive, and emotionally cold types of problems than self-report (ipsatized) data. Individuals reported more other-pleasing, overly nurturant types of problems than peers observed. The findings both support the validity of the IIP-C and describe discrepancies in self- versus peer reported interpersonal problems. The results also describe differences in the general interpersonal distress factor accounted for by ipsatizing versus removing the general factor from unipsatized data. The results describe implications for clinicians and others assessing interpersonal problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of clones of HIV-1 infected HuT 78 cells defective in gag gene processing and of SIV clones producing large amounts of envelope glycoprotein.

Single-cell clones of HIV-1 (FRE-3) or SIV/Mne infected HuT 78 cells were obtained by plating dilutions of virally infected HuT 78 cells on a monolayer of sheep choroid plexus cells in 96-well microtiter plates. Several of these clones produce HIV-1 virus mutants that accumulate the gag precursor polyprotein and lack a functional protease. These protease-deficient viruses are non-infectious and consist of aberrant "immature" virus particles as determined by electron microscopy. Several SIV mutants are also described that produce large amounts of either the envelope glycoprotein gp120 or the nucleic acid binding gag protein. These mutants are useful for the purification of these retroviral proteins, in developing assays of protease inhibitors, and in preparing SIV envelope protein vaccines.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Molecular characterization and comparison of simian immunodeficiency virus isolates from macaques, mangabeys, and African green monkeys.

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/Mne has been inoculated into three species of macaques and into baboons. Virus was isolated from all the macaques who subsequently died at 15 to 120 weeks (mean 80 weeks) with various manifestations of immune deficiency. Individual animals varied in their viral antibody profile as a function of time after infection. Independent SIV isolates obtained from African green monkeys and magabeys were compared to SIV/Mne for their ability to replicate in lymphocytes and macrophages and with respect to the immunological relatedness of their viral proteins. Antibodies present in human immunodeficiency virus-2 (HIV-2)-infected individuals were readily detected by the virus produced by a single-cell clone of SIV/Mne.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Suppression of growth of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary carcinomas in female rats by repeated whole-body hyperthermia (41-42 degrees C).

The purpose of this study was to examine effects of repeated whole-body hyperthermia on the growth of carcinogen-induced rat mammary carcinomas. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated intragastrically with a single dose (100 mg/kg) of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) at 2 months of age. Subsequently, when each rat had a minimum of one palpable mammary carcinoma, the animals were divided into two groups, one to receive hyperthermia treatments and the other to serve as controls. The hyperthermia-treated rats received 14-20 1-hour episodes of whole-body hyperthermia (averaging 41.4 degrees C, colonic) over a period of 3-4 weeks. The animals were anesthetized with sodium pentabarbital during these treatments to suppress their thermoregulation and to minimize stress mediated by higher brain functions. Their temperature was raised by exposure to high air temperatures. Control rats were anesthetized on the same schedule, and with the same doses of barbital, as hyperthermia-treated rats, but during anesthetization were placed at lower air temperatures such that their body temperatures remained normal. Tumor volumes were measured once per week. By the end of the first week, hyperthermia had suppressed carcinoma growth: whereas 78% of control carcinomas had increased in volume, 73% of hyperthermia-treated ones had decreased in volume. The average volume of mammary carcinomas in hyperthermia-treated rats after 1 week was significantly smaller than the average volume of mammary carcinomas in control rats: 0.34 vs. 0.66 cm3 (effects of differences in initial volume statistically removed). This difference had enlarged by the end of four weeks to 0.11 cm3 (hyperthermia-treated) vs. 0.80 cm3 (control). Overall, this study provides compelling evidence that whole-body hyperthermia in the range of 41-42 degrees C suppresses growth of DM-BA-induced rat mammary carcinomas, and it describes a technique for hyperthermia induction in which stresses specific to hyperthermia are minimized or avoided.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1988

Inoculation of baboons and macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus/Mne, a primate lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2.

A primate lymphotropic lentivirus was isolated on the human T-cell line HuT 78 after cocultivation of a lymph node from a pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) that had died with malignant lymphoma. This isolate, originally designated M. nemestrina immunodeficiency virus (MnIV) and now classified as simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV/Mne), was inoculated intravenously into three juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), three juvenile pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina), and two juvenile baboons (Papio cynocephalus). All six macaques became viremic by 3 weeks after inoculation, whereas neither of the baboons developed viremia. One pig-tailed macaque died at 15 weeks with suppurative peritonitis secondary to ulcerative, necrotizing colitis. Immunologic abnormalities included a marked decrease in CD4+ peripheral blood lymphocytes. Although five macaques mounted an antibody response to SIV/Mne, the animal that died at 15 weeks remained antibody negative. Three other macaques (two rhesus and one pig-tailed) died 66 to 87 weeks after inoculation after exhibiting progressive weight loss, anemia, and diarrhea. Histopathologic findings at necropsy included various manifestations of immune deficiency, nephropathy, subacute encephalitis, pancreatitis, adenocarcinoma, and lymphoid atrophy. SIV/Mne could be readily isolated from the spleens and lymph nodes of all necropsied macaques, and from the cerebrospinal fluid, brains, bone marrow, livers, and pancreas of some of the animals. SIV antigens were localized by avidin-biotin immunohistochemistry to pancreatic islet cells and to bone marrow endothelial cells. The data suggest that African baboons may be resistant to infection by SIV/Mne, whereas Asian macaques are susceptible to infection with this pathogenic primate lentivirus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

4 modalities of periodontal treatment compared over 5 years.

The purpose of the present study was to assess in a clinical trial over 5 years the results following 4 different modalities of periodontal therapy (pocket elimination or reduction surgery, modified Widman flap surgery, subgingival curettage, and scaling and rool planing). 90 patients were treated. The treatment methods were applied on a random basis to each of the 4 quadrants of the dentition. The patients were given professional tooth cleaning and oral hygiene instructions every 3 months. Pocket depth and attachment levels were scored once a year. 72 patients completed the 5 years of observation. Both patient means for pocket depth and attachment level as well as % distribution of sites with loss of attachment greater than or equal to 2 mm and greater than or equal to 3 mm were compared. For 1-3 mm probing depth, scaling and root planing, as well as subgingival curettage led to significantly less attachment loss than pocket elimination and modified Widman flap surgery. For 4-6 mm pockets, scaling and root planing and curettage had better attachment results than pocket elimination surgery. For the 7-12 mm pockets, there was no statistically significant difference among the results following the various procedures.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Monoclonal antibodies to feline sarcoma virus gag and fes gene translational products.

A series of hybridomas have been isolated which produce monoclonal antibodies directed against polyprotein gene products of the Gardner, Snyder-Theilen, and McDonough strains of FeSV. Within these are representatives of several immunoglobulin classes including IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgM. Antibody produced by one hybridoma recognizes immunologic determinants localized within an FeLV gag gene structural component (p15) common to polyproteins encoded by all three FeSV isolates whereas antibody produced by a second is specific for p30 determinants unique to P170gag-fms. Additional hybridomas secrete antibody directed against v-fes-encoded determinants common to the Gardner and Snyder-Theilen FeSV-encoded polyproteins. GA P110gag-fes and ST P85gag-fes immuno-precipitated by antibody directed against p15 exhibit tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity but lack such activity when precipitated by antibody specific for their acquired sequence (v-fes) components.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A reexamination of the effects of high rearing temperature on the nonolfactory turbinates of rats.

The nasoturbinates and maxilloturbinates have previously been reported to be completely resorbed in Wistar rats reared at 32-33 degrees C from 3 weeks to 6 months of age. The phenomenon was reinvestigated for the first time in the experiments reported here, with dramatically different results. Rats reared at 33 degrees C and 53% relative humidity proved to have naso- and maxilloturbinates of almost the same size as rats reared at 21 degrees C. After effects of skull and rostral size on turbinate size had been statistically removed, rearing temperature proved not to be important in explaining differences in turbinate widths or turbinate separation, but temperature and sex had significant interactive effects on turbinate lengths. Reasons why the turbinates were completely lost in the previous study but largely retained in the present study are unclear and probably subtle, given that procedures in the two studies were closely similar. Loss of the nonolfactory turbinates is demonstrably not a consistent response--adaptive or otherwise--to rearing under hot conditions, and probably factors in addition to temperature are critical to turbinate development.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Monoclonal antibodies specific to transforming polyproteins encoded by independent isolates of feline sarcoma virus.

Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against polyprotein gene products of the Gardner, Snyder-Theilen, and McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus have been isolated. Antibody produced by one hybridoma recognizes immunological determinants localized within a feline leukemia virus gag gene structural component (p15) common to polyproteins encoded by each feline sarcoma virus isolate while antibody produced by a second is specific for p30 determinants unique to P170gag-fms. Additional hybridomas secrete antibody directed against v-fes specific determinants common to the Gardner and Snyder-Theilen feline sarcoma virus-encoded polyproteins and to v-fms determinants unique to P170gas-fms polyprotein. GA P110gas-fes and ST P85gas-fes immunoprecipitated by antibody directed against p15 exhibit readily detectable levels of protein kinase activity but lack such activity when precipitated by antibody specific for their acquired sequence (v-fes) components. P170gas-fms immunoprecipitated by monoclonal antibody to either p15 or p30 lacks detectable levels of autophosphorylation but represents a substrate for the GA P110gag-fes and ST P85gag-fes enzymatic activities. These findings argue that the v-fes-associated protein kinase represents an intrinsic property of the v-fes gene product and recognizes tyrosine acceptor sites within polyprotein gene products of all three strains of feline sarcoma virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Is arson an aggressive act or a property offence? A controlled study of psychiatric referrals.

Arsonists seen for psychiatric assessment were compared to property offenders and to violent offenders on a number of clinical measures. It was found that arsonists were a mixture of the two groups but the majority aligned with property offenders in personality, diagnosis, criminal and violence history, family background, alcohol and drug use as well as in sexual behaviour. Significantly 18% of arsonists were mentally retarded. The act of arson was examined in detail using reliable ratings. While there was no obvious motive in two-fifths of the cases, revenge with underlying anger was most frequently a recognized motive for arson. The provocateur for the act of arson was not always readily identifiable and in over half the cases more than one person or an institution was the stimulus for the fire. Directions for future study were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of periodontal treatment on tooth mobility.

The purpose of this study was to compare tooth mobility at different time periods during periodontal treatment and to relate changes in mobility to each method of treatment. Ninety-three patients (2421 teeth) with moderate to severe periodontitis were scored: (1) at initial examination, (2) 1 month following scaling, root planing, instruction in oral hygiene and preliminary occlusal adjustment, (3) 1 month after treatment with pocket elimination or reduction, curettage, modified Widman flap or scaling and root planing by the periodontist, and (4) 1 and 2 years following completed periodontal treatment. After initial nonsurgical treatment there was a significant decrease in tooth mobility. Tooth mobility increased temporarily after pocket reduction surgery but was not altered following curettage, modified Widman flap or scaling and root planing. Two years post-treatment there was a trend toward further decrease in tooth mobility with professional tooth cleaning every 3 months.

Dental Scaling↗
PubMed1982

Occlusive lesions of cardiac conducting tissue arteries in sudden infant death syndrome.

Cardiac conducting tissue from the hearts of 40 victims of sudden infant death syndrome was examined microscopically by serial section. In five hearts there were marked narrowing of the major artery supplying the atrioventricular node. In another there was similar narrowing of the artery supplying the sinus node. The arterial lesions were focal and characterized by cellular intimal thickening which severely narrowed the vessel lumen. This arterial anomaly may be a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of some cases of sudden infant death.

Arteries↗