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Biomedical subjects

R W Goodgame

Publications and source records attributed to R W Goodgame.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Immune responses during human schistosomiasis mansoni. VII. Further analysis of the interactions between patient sera and lymphocytes during in vitro blastogenesis to schistosome antigen preparations.

The lymphocyte blastogenic responses of chronic schistosomiasis mansoni patients were tested in vitro in medium supplemented with either normal human serum or patients' serum (either autologous or third party). As expected, when patients' lymphocytes were cultured in patient sera, many of them (75--78%) displayed reduced responsiveness to schistosome antigens (derived from either the cercariae, adult worms or eggs of Schistosoma mansoni), but not to Candida albicans extract. For decreased blastogenesis to be manifest, a combination of both suppressive sera and suppressible cells was required; however, some patients had nonsuppressible cells and not all sera were suppressive. In an attempt at classification, four categories of patient responsiveness concerning serosuppression are proposed. The categories depend on the suppressive capabilities of patient sera and the response of patient lymphocytes to suppressive sera. By individually testing the capabilities of each patient's lymphocytes and sera in relationship to each antigenic preparation, we were able to assign the majority of patient responses to a given category. It is hoped that by using these categories, a better understanding of the mechanisms concerning serosuppression will be obtained.

Antigens↗
PubMed1979

Application of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infections in St. Lucia.

As part of our search for a serodiagnostic assay to replace the expensive and tedious stool examination in the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection, we have studied the sensitivity, specificity and quantitative features of an enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) using crude S. mansoni egg antigen preparation. Results of studies carried out in both London and St. Lucia indicate that the assay can give useful serodiagnostic information ranging from 82 to 99.5% sensitivity, depending on level of infection intensity and method of blood collection and 100% specificity in St. Lucian/St. Vincent populations. The St. Lucia study also showed that the assay could be operated in a qualitative form in an endemic area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Immune responses during human schistosomiasis mansoni. VI. In vitro nonspecific suppression of phytohemagglutinin responsiveness induced by exposure to certain schistosomal preparations.

Simultaneous in vitro exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA) and either soluble schistosomal egg antigenic preparation (SEA) or soluble cercarial antigenic preparation (CAP) obtained from Schistosoma mansoni resulted in decreased responsiveness as compared to exposure to PHA alone. The addition of a soluble adult worm antigenic preparation (SWAP) did not predictably alter PHA responses in this system. The suppression due to in vitro exposure to either SEA or CAP was expressed whether the lymphocyte donors were S. mansoni patients (early infection, chronic, or treated), or uninfected subjects. The degree of suppression was related to the concentration of SEA used, and the timing of exposure. Preexposure to SEA for 3 days before the addition of PHA resulted in more potent suppression. However, a delay in the time of the addition of SEA of 6 and 24 hr after PHA exposure decreased and eliminated, respectively, its suppressive capacity. SEA and CAP were not directly toxic to responding cells, and appeared to exert their nonspecific suppressive influences through T lymphocyte-related mechanisms. It was observed that although these suppressive events could be induced and observed in vitro, the responsiveness of S. mansoni patient lymphocytes to PHA was equal with that of uninfected controls.

Antigens↗
PubMed1978

Humoral immune responses in human hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni.

The development of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in humans cannot always be related to the intensity of infection. A study was designed to identify different humoral immunologic responses to Schistosoma mansoni in patients with and without hepatosplenic disease. Twenty-four patients with active hepatosplenic disease were closely matched for age, sex, and fecal egg counts with twenty-four patients with only intestinal disease. A serum sample from each of these patients was tested for antibodies to the major soluble egg antigen (MSA1) by radioimmunoassay, for total and IgM antibodies to egg and worm antigenic preparations by ELISA, and for its ability to suppress antigen stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis. No difference was found using these assays between the hepatosplenic and the intestinal schistosomiasis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Lack of association of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.

To evaluate the role of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in the pathogenesis of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, alpha-1-antitrypsin was measured in 90 patients with schistosomal splenomegaly and in 87 phenotyping was also done. All levels were in the normal range except for those of two patients who were shown to have the heterozygous deficiency state, PiMZ. The phenotypes found in the 87 were as would be expected in a normal population. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Intolerance of eight ounces of milk in healthy lactose-intolerant teen-agers.

The ability of lactose-intolerant individuals to tolerate 8 ounces of milk was determined in healthy teen-agers. Thirty-two blacks were studied with 50-gm lactose tolerance tests. Nineteen (59%) had a flat blood sugar curve and 13 (39%) also developed bloating, cramps, loose stools, or diarrhea with the test. These latter 13 were defined as lactose-intolerant. Seven of the 13 lactose-intolerant teen-agers (54%) developed abdominal bloating and/or cramps after drinking 8 ounces of milk (half-pint). None had diarrhea. Eight were symptomatic with the equivalent amount of lactose (12 gm) while only one had symptoms with the monosaccharide components of lactose, glucose and galactose. The symptoms with milk and 12 gm of lactose were less severe than with the 50-gm tolerance test. A history of a prior awareness of milk intolerance was obtained from 11 of the 13 lactose-intolerant subjects. At least one half of lactose intolerant teen-agers might be expected to be symptomatic after drinking 8 ounces of milk without other food. Milk intolerance should be considered in the nutritional planning for teen-agers with special attention to members of population groups with a high prevalence of lactose intolerance.

Adolescent↗