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R W Glashan

Publications and source records attributed to R W Glashan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Palmar keratoses in family members of individuals with bladder cancer.

A total of 270 bladder cancer cases, 178 first-degree relatives and 127 spouses of the bladder cancer cases and 329 hospital controls were studied to evaluate the association between palmar keratoses, bladder cancer and environmental and genetic factors. Crude prevalences of keratoses in the 4 groups were 67, 54, 42 and 23%, respectively. Logistic regression models showed that bladder cancer patients had a raised risk of having palmar keratoses relative to hospital controls (odds ratio = 6.95; 95% CI: 4.77-10.12) whereas blood-relatives and spouses had significantly increased odds ratios only if the case in their family (or some other blood-relative) possessed keratoses. Among several environmental and behaviour factors, only cigarette smoking was significantly associated with increased risk (odds ratio = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.63-3.29). The data suggest a genetic component may influence the occurrence of palmar keratoses, but some unknown environmental agent appears to be causing the association between spouses.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A randomized controlled study of intravesical alpha-2b-interferon in carcinoma in situ of the bladder.

We treated 87 patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder in a prospective randomized trial of 2 dose levels of intravesically administered alpha-2b-interferon. Patients received either low dose (10 million units) or high dose (100 million units) recombinant alpha-2b-interferon weekly for 12 weeks and then monthly for a maximum of 1 year. Of the 47 high and 38 low dose patients 20 (43%) and 2 (5%), respectively, achieved a complete response. Additionally, partial responses (cytology results positive with no histological evidence of carcinoma in situ) were noted in 23% of the high dose group. Notably, 6 of 9 patients who had failed prior intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy responded to alpha-2b-interferon treatment. Preliminary assessment has shown that among the complete responders 18 of 20 (90%) in the high dose group have maintained responses for at least 6 months after the completion of treatment (10 for more than 12 months). Seven patients in each treatment group have undergone radical cystectomy. All 14 patients had progressive disease except 1 who chose cystectomy although she was still responding to treatment. The median intervals from initial treatment to cystectomy were 18 and 32 weeks in the low and high dose groups, respectively. Local irritation or toxicity did not occur and other adverse effects were rare except for mild to moderate flu-like symptoms (8% in the low dose and 17% in the high dose groups). No patient discontinued therapy due to treatment-related adverse effects. Intravesical alpha-2b-interferon demonstrated a high level of activity in the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder with the 100 million unit dose producing a significantly greater response rate (43% complete response, p less than 0.0001) than the low dose (5% complete response). Safety and tolerance were excellent with no local irritative toxicity.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1988

Correlation of urine cytology with ABO(H) antigenicity in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Cell surface ABO(H) antigenicity of superficial bladder tumours was assessed by the indirect immunoperoxidase test in 49 patients. Good correlation was obtained between surface antigenicity of tumours and the results of urine cytology. Malignant cells were detected cytologically in 22(56%) of cases with ABO(H) antigen negative tumours which are known to behave more aggressively than ABO(H) antigen positive ones. In contrast, malignant cells were found in the urine cytology of only one (10%) of patients with ABO(H) antigen positive tumours.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1987

Relationship of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and calculated free testosterone to subsequent clinical progress in patients with carcinoma of the prostate treated with bilateral orchidectomy or estrogens.

The concentration in serum of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and albumin has been measured, and from these measurements free testosterone has been calculated in 75 patients with carcinoma of the prostate treated with either bilateral orchidectomy, stilbestrol, or estramustine phosphate (Estracyt). After exclusion of 3 noncompliant patients, total testosterone did not differ significantly between treatments, but free testosterone was lower in estrogen-treated patients (5.9 +/- 0.9 (SEM) pmol/l, n = 28) compared with the orchidectomized patients (23 +/- 1.4 pmol/l, n = 44) (P less than 0.001); all of the estrogen-treated patients falling in the lower third of the range of the orchidectomized patients. Free testosterone did not change systematically during several years of treatment and there was no evidence of a rise with clinical deterioration. In the 33 patients with metastatic cancer treated with orchidectomy, the third with the lowest free testosterone or total testosterone showed a better survival over 2 years than the two-thirds with higher free or total testosterone; thereafter, the advantage was lost.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of the effect of diethylstilbestrol with low dose estramustine phosphate in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: final analysis of a phase III trial of the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer.

In a randomized phase III trial performed by the Urological Group of the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer low dose estramustine phosphate (280 mg. twice daily for 8 weeks and 140 mg. twice daily thereafter) was compared to diethylstilbestrol (1 mg. 3 times daily) in patients with stages T3 to T4, M0 or M1 prostatic cancer. Of 248 patients entered 227 were evaluable for analysis: 115 received estramustine phosphate and 112 received diethylstilbestrol. The best response of the local tumor as assessed by palpation was seen in patients receiving diethylstilbestrol. There was no significant difference between treatments for response rate of metastases, interval to local progression, distant progression, over-all survival and death of carcinoma of the prostate. Duration of survival was correlated with the assessment of local response as determined by palpation. The response of distant lesions also was correlated closely with survival. Diethylstilbestrol (1 mg. 3 times daily) was associated with a significantly worse degree of cardiovascular toxicity than estramustine phosphate. This finding was especially obvious in patients who had no history of cardiovascular disease. Gastrointestinal toxicity occurred in 25 patients treated with estramustine phosphate, including 6 in whom cessation of treatment was necessary. Further studies are required to determine the optimum dose of diethylstilbestrol and estramustine phosphate, and to establish the best form of hormonal treatment for prostatic carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Prognostic significance of ABH antigenicity of mucosal biopsies in superficial bladder cancer.

ABH antigenicity of mucosal biopsies was studied in 36 patients with superficial bladder cancer. Those with mucosal biopsies positive for antigen had a recurrence rate of 0.33 recurrences per year, compared to 1.97 in those negative for antigen. This difference was highly significant on statistical analysis. ABH antigenicity of mucosal biopsies proved to be a better predictor of recurrent disease than other prognostic indexes, such as number, size, histological grade and ABH antigenicity of primary tumors, as well as histological status of the mucosal biopsies.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1985

Bladder cancer in dye manufacturing workers.

Results of an occupational analysis of chemical dye workers, using data from a larger case-control study of bladder cancer in West Yorkshire, England, are presented. The current nature of the risk of bladder cancer experienced by such workers is assessed on an unmatched case-control basis. The results indicate that the bladder cancer risk has peaked for workers exposed to arylamines, but that they still experience a twofold to threefold increased risk even after adjustments for age and smoking. A dose-response relationship is demonstrated, linked to the number of years of occupational exposure. However, results obtained under stratification, commensurate with the dates of introducing revised working practices, indicate that the calendar years during which exposure occurred are more important, in relation to increased bladder cancer risk, than is length of exposure.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Invasive potential of superficial bladder cancer. A study of the relative merits of predictive parameters.

The indirect immunoperoxidase test to detect urothelial cell surface blood group antigens was performed in an attempt to assess the loss of these antigens as a prognostic predictor. In our technique A, B and O(H) blood group specific monoclonal antibodies were used. It was possible to perform the test satisfactorily on histological material from 55 cases which were superficial on presentation; 15 subsequently became invasive. The loss of surface antigens correlated well with histological grade--44.4% of G1, 87.2% of G2 and 94.1% of G3 tumours were antigen-negative. The blood group phenotype of 114 patients was studied. In the group that subsequently became invasive, 14 of 26 (54%) were of blood group A phenotype compared with 37 of 88 (42%) in the non-invasive category. Acetylation studies were performed on 47 cases. In the group that subsequently became invasive, 5 of 10 (50%) had the slow phenotype of the enzyme N-acetyltransferase compared with 13 of 37 (35%) in the group that remained superficial.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1984

Genetically determined debrisoquine oxidation capacity in bladder cancer.

A report is given of a series of bladder cancer cases examined for the oxidation capacity demonstrated by the use of debrisoquine. No overall association of poor and extensive metaboliser exists between bladder cancer patients and a control group. An absolute association between a benzidine exposed subgroup and metaboliser status exists, but the numbers are too small to indicate the true nature of this relationship.

Benzidines↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder with doxorubicin (adriamycin).

Fifty-five patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder have been treated with intravesical Adriamycin, the longest follow-up being over 2.5 years. Side-effects were negligible. Primary carcinoma in situ shows the highest overall response rate, with over 80%, followed by secondary carcinoma in situ with no tumours, with 67%; in the presence of active tumour only 25% of patients treated showed any real improvement. Adriamycin is recommended for the conservative management of primary carcinoma in situ.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1983

An EORTC phase II study of vindesine in advanced prostate cancer.

In a phase II study of vindesine in patients with bi-dimensionally measurable primary or metastatic prostate cancer, 27 patients (given 3 mg/m2 weekly for at least 4 treatment cycles) were evaluable for response 6 weeks from the start of treatment. Dose escalation to 4 mg/m2 weekly was attempted. Five patients (19%) achieved a partial remission of short duration, 11 patients (41%) showed no change and 11 patients (41%) showed progression. Thirty-one patients were evaluable for toxicity. Neurotoxicity occurred in 58% (severe in 23%) and was apparently cumulative dose-dependent, although there was variable individual sensitivity. Haematological toxicity was evidenced by lack of dose escalation in 32% of patients, dose delay in 71% and some degree of anaemia in 48%. Alopecia occurred in 55%. Other toxicities were few and minor. Vindesine shows marginal activity in prostatic cancer but at this dose schedule causes appreciable toxicity.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Does the use of stained maggots present a risk of bladder cancer to coarse fishermen?

A case-control study in West Yorkshire has been used to investigate possible risks of bladder cancer amongst those fishermen who used azo-based dyestuffs to stain maggots or who purchased ready coloured maggots. No risks have been found, although the confidence limits of the estimates are wide. These data refer to exposures over ten years ago and it is possible recent changes in fishing practice, if they have occurred, are not yet assessable due to the long mean latency seen in bladder cancer when exposure to carcinogens is not great. This paper does not suggest the general use of these substances is without hazard, merely that no risk is associated with the study group and that the chemicals under study are not a major cause of bladder cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

ABO, MNSs and rhesus blood groups in bladder cancer.

Data are presented on a group of cases of primary carcinoma of the bladder detailing their ABO, MNSs and rhesus blood antigenic phenotypes. Differences, either between all cases and controls or between particular stages of presentation and controls, have been found in the ABO red cell system as well as the MNSs red cell system. In the case of the ABO system an excess of the A gene is present but detailed study shows this to be only in patients with T1 and T2 tumours. No excess was seen in patients with carcinoma in situ or T3 or T4 stage disease. The S gene of the MNSs system is also in excess in cases of bladder cancer.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and 5-fluorouracil in T3, NX, MO bladder cancer treated with radiotherapy.

Radical radiotherapy alone has been compared with radical radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy using doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and 5-fluorouracil in a randomised prospective study on 129 patients presenting with T3, NX, MO transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. One hundred and ten patients were evaluable with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The addition of this form of chemotherapy did not appear to influence the survival rate or the proportion of patients free from tumour. It cannot be recommended for routine use in the primary treatment of infiltrating bladder cancer.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗