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R W Giard

Publications and source records attributed to R W Giard.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Aspiration cytology of palpable breast lesions: testing of the results using the PALGA data (Pathological Anatomical National Automated Archives)].

For the testing of the results of 1233 breast punctures performed on 1132 women in the period 1985-1988, the question was studied whether a less time-consuming procedure than status examination might be used. The national computerized record office where all data on cytological and histological diagnostics per patient are centralized (PALGA) offered the possibility of determining whether and, if so, with what results histological examination of the breast had been carried out. Histological follow-up examination proved to be available of 476 punctates. In case of abnormal cytological findings without subsequent histological examination, the final diagnosis was made on the basis of the clinical findings (53 punctates; 4.6% of the women examined). In case of non-abnormal cytological findings without subsequent cytological or histological follow-up examination, the lesion was regarded as benign. It proved technically feasible with use of these final diagnoses to arrive at a numerical evaluation of aspiration cytology for the laboratory. These characteristics are valuable in making the decision whether, given a particular result of puncture biopsy, women with a palpable breast tumour should or should not be operated, provided the characteristics are always used only in combination with clinical and mammographic diagnostics. The method is also appropriate for evaluation of other forms of cytodiagnostic examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Malignant leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata.

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata is a rare condition characterized by the presence of multiple intraabdominal nodules that consist of benign smooth muscle. We found 42 documented cases in the literature. Malignant degeneration appears to be extremely rare. We describe the second case with proved malignancy.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Interpretation of diagnostic cytology with likelihood ratios.

Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values are commonly used to report the performance characteristics of a diagnostic test. With tests that by their nature have more than two classes of results, calculation of sensitivity and specificity demands the combination of categories into two classes, leading to a loss of diagnostic information. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the breast is usually reported using four categories: definitely malignant, suspicious, benign, and unsatisfactory. We used likelihood ratios to show that fine-needle aspiration cytology of the breast appreciates each of these four categories fully. This approach is preferred above the usual one, which combines "definitely malignant" and "suspicious" categories as abnormal and often discards unsatisfactory aspirations from calculation. Knowledge of the prior probability of breast cancer and the likelihood ratio for a particular class of results of fine-needle aspiration cytology of the breast allows for easy calculation of the posttest probability of the disease. Application of this method should lead to more rational support from fine-needle aspiration cytology for clinical decision making.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord.

We report a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord and review 11 previously reported cases. Radical orchiectomy along with wide local excision is the treatment of choice. The rate of local recurrences and distant metastases is 33 per cent (4 of 12 cases) and the 5-year survival rate is 57 per cent (4 of 7 cases).

Genital Neoplasms, Male↗
PubMed1985

Variations in histopathological evaluation of non-neoplastic colonic mucosal abnormalities; assessment and clinical significance.

The variation between three pathologists examining histological features seen in non-neoplastic colonic mucosa from 40 biopsies was analysed. Several procedures to express observer variation were used and compared, with emphasis on kappa statistics. Only five features, the presence of ulceration, villous surface, epithelioid granulomas, severe mucus depletion and crypt abscesses were sufficiently reproducible by the three pairs of pathologists. These findings suggest that other criteria used for the classification of inflammatory bowel disease are potentially unsatisfactory. When results from different studies on biopsies are being compared, influence of observer variation should be identified. Comparison of statistical techniques showed overall variation to be less useful than other statistical procedures. There was little difference between results from kappa statistics and other measures of agreement (overall agreement excluded).

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Amine and peptide hormone production by lung carcinoid: a clinicopathological and immunocytochemical study.

A consecutive series of 38 lung carcinoid tumours (36 surgical and two necropsy specimens) was studied. Histopathological features and amine and peptide hormone immunoreactivity were correlated with gross characteristics (size, location) and clinical data. Peripheral carcinoids were detected a decade later than central carcinoids and tended to be bigger. In general, the histological characteristics of peripheral and central carcinoids were similar; atypical features, however, were more common in peripheral carcinoids. Most carcinoids contained many argyrophilic cells (58%). Although argentaffinic cells were not found, serotonin immunoreactive cells were present in 32% of the tumours. Peptide hormone immunoreactivity (adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), calcitonin, somatostatin, gastrin) was rare. In one case massive ACTH production had caused clinically manifest Cushing's syndrome. In two other cases few ACTH immunoreactive cells were found and in one case calcitonin immunoreactive cells were present. The relative rarity of hormone production in lung carcinoids and the predominantly benign course of the tumour preclude the use of peptide hormone production as a prognostic indicator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha-fetoprotein in testicular germ cell tumours: a retrospective immunohistochemical study.

A series of testicular germ cell tumours (46 seminomas and 27 non-seminomas) was studied immunohistochemically with regard to the presence of alpha FP and HCG. In three seminomas, HCG reactive syncitiotrophoblast-like giant cells (STLG) were found. Immunoreactive alpha FP did not occur in seminomas. In differentiated mature teratomas HCG or alpha FP could not be demonstrated. In embryonal carcinomas with or without teratoma (MTI/MTU/MTT) HCG immunoreactivity was found in 83%, usually localized in STLG. In 75% of these tumours alpha FP could be demonstrated. This protein was localized in foci of endodermal sinus or yolk sac differentiation, but also in single cells and cell clusters in areas of embryonal carcinoma. In some cases syncitial cells were present which contained both HCG and alpha FP. Immunostaining of tumour markers appeared not to provide important additional criteria for classification of these tumours in the currently available classifications. The significance of HCG containing STLG in seminomas deserves further investigation. Prospective studies of embryonal carcinoma with or without teratoma (MTI/MTU/MTT) will be necessary to evaluate the possible prognostic importance of the presence of alpha FP or HCG or both.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast with immediate reporting of the results.

The value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast with immediate reporting was determined in 503 consecutive aspirates. When the results of immediate and routine cytologic examination were compared, there was perfect agreement in 95.8% of the cases, with a kappa score of .92. In only 21 cases did discrepancies occur (4.2%), and when the results of FNAC were divided into normal and abnormal cytology, only four discrepancies were apparent. Provided that the results of immediately reported FNAC are interpreted in the context of clinical and mammographic findings, this approach provides a reliable diagnosis within a quarter of an hour and is therefore highly recommended.

Adolescent↗