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Biomedical subjects

R W Bohannon

Publications and source records attributed to R W Bohannon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Hand-held myometry.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1992

Nature, reliability, and predictive value of muscle performance measures in patients with hemiparesis following stroke.

The purposes of this investigation were to examine among a sample of hemiparetic stroke patients the nature and reliability of selected muscle performance measures and the correlation between the measures and gait speed. Fourteen subjects who met specific entry criteria participated. The Lido Active Rehabilitation System was used to obtain bilaterally all muscle performance measures of knee extension (velocity, isometric torque-peak and time specific, and time to peak torque and 90% peak torque). Gait speed was measured under both "comfortable" and "maximum safe" conditions. In addition to lower torques, the subjects demonstrated slower knee extension speeds and longer times to peak torque and 90% peak torque on the paretic than on the nonparetic side. High intrasession reliabilities were demonstrated for all muscle performance measures except the torque at 0.1 sec on the nonparetic side and the time to peak torque and 90% peak torque measures. Significant correlations were demonstrated between both gait speeds and paretic knee extension torque (except at 0.1 sec), nonparetic knee extension torque at 0.1 sec and 0.2 sec, and time to nonparetic peak torque. Muscle performance measures other than peak torque appeared to offer little advantage (alone) over paretic peak torque for predicting gait speed. Over 74% of the variance in gait speed, however, could be predicted by the peak isometric peak torque of the paretic side and the time to peak torque on the nonparetic side, together. Thus, there may be benefits to testing the muscle performance of both lower extremities when examining patients with stroke.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Modified sphygmomanometer versus strain gauge hand-held dynamometer.

The purpose of this study was to compare measurements of elbow flexor muscle strength obtained with a modified sphygmomanometer (MS) and a strain gauge hand-held dynamometer (HHD). Thirty-two healthy subjects performed two isometric contractions of about five seconds against each device. Repeated measurements with each device did not differ significantly and were correlated (r greater than .960) and reliable (intraclass correlation coefficients greater than .960). The means of two measurements obtained with each device were related in a curvilinear manner (R = .882), with MS measurements above 210 mmHg rising more slowly than corresponding HHD measurements. Although supporting the reliability of each device, the results suggest that the devices do not provide comparable measurements throughout the range of the MS. The MS may not be the best choice for obtaining accurate strength measurements of stronger individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Accuracy of weightbearing at three target levels during bilateral upright stance in patients with neuropathic feet and control subjects.

The purposes of this study were to (1) describe errors in weightbearing at three target levels for patients with neuropathic feet and control subjects, (2) compare the absolute errors at the three target levels between groups, and (3) identify predictor variables of errors in weightbearing by the neuropathic group. The groups of 26 subjects were matched for age and height. Weightbearing was measured with digital scales while subjects attempted to adjust their weight through a designated lower extremity to each target level (25, 50, and 75% of body weight). Analysis of variance indicated no significant difference in the percentage weightbearing between groups at the three target levels. There was a significant difference in errors made in weightbearing by the groups at the three target levels. Mean errors ranged from 8.5 to 9.7% for the neuropathic group and from 2.4 to 6.6% for the control group. The findings cast doubt on the utility (in the absence of feedback) of requesting individuals, particularly those with neuropathic feet, to weightbear at specific target levels.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1991

Accuracy of weightbearing estimation by stroke versus healthy subjects.

This study was performed to describe and compare the accuracy of weightbearing at three target levels (25, 50, and 75% of body weight) of 14 ambulatory stroke subjects and 14 matched healthy subjects. Weightbearing through a designated lower extremity (stroke subjects-paretic, healthy subjects-randomly selected) was measured with digital scales. No significant difference was found in magnitude of weightbearing (%) between the stroke and healthy groups. Although making significantly greater errors in weightbearing than healthy subjects, stroke subjects did not consistently weightbear under target. Subjects with stroke tested in earlier studies were neither asked to stand symmetrically nor examined to judge whether they were capable of accepting the required weight through the paretic lower extremity. Before assuming that weightbearing asymmetry is a problem in patients with stroke, clinicians should examine weightbearing behavior more specifically.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Strength deficits also predict gait performance in patients with stroke.

Measurements of muscle strength have been clearly established as predictors of gait performance in patients with stroke. By examining the previously published data, strength deficits of the paretic side of 26 patients with stroke are also shown to correlate with gait performance (speed [r = -.638]). Paretic muscle strength deficits, then, may also be considered valid predictors of gait performance.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1991

Interrelationships of trunk and extremity muscle strengths and body awareness following unilateral brain lesions.

From 11 hemiparetic adults measurements of muscle strength of lateral trunk flexion and of extremities of paretic side were intercorrelated. Their varied magnitudes and correlations with body awareness suggested strengths of trunk and extremities are not exclusive and that decreased muscle strength is more likely for patients with decreased body awareness. Possible explanations are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Motor variables correlated with the hand-to-mouth maneuver in stroke patients.

This study investigated the relationship between each of three independent variables and the completion of the hand-to-mouth maneuver in 23 hemiparetic stroke patients. The independent variables were elbow-extensor muscle tone (graded using the Modified Ashworth Scale); active elbow-flexion range-of-motion deficit measured without the influence of gravity; and elbow-flexion strength measured without the influence of gravity with a hand-held dynamometer. The hand-to-mouth maneuver was graded according to the degree of completion using a three-level ordinal scale. Spearman (rs) correlations demonstrated a significant relationship between the extent of completion of the hand-to-mouth maneuver and both the active elbow-flexion-range deficit (rs = -.853) and the elbow-flexor muscle force (rs = .829). The correlation of the maneuver with elbow-extensor muscle tone (rs = -.063) was not significant, but the relationship may have been influenced by the fact that only a minority of subjects had elevated tone, and that elevation was minimal. The result suggest that both active-movement deficits and muscle strength may be important to upper extremity function.

Arm↗
PubMed1990

Hand-held compared with isokinetic dynamometry for measurement of static knee extension torque (parallel reliability of dynamometers).

The purpose of this study was to compare measurements of static knee extension torque obtained using a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) and an isokinetic dynamometer (IKD). Twenty young healthy women performed two maximum knee extension efforts against each device. The two HHD measurements did not differ significantly and were highly reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.945). The two IKD measurements did not differ significantly and were highly reliable (ICC = 0.932). The mean of the two HHD and two IKD measurements did not differ significantly. The inter-instrument reliability was fair (ICC = 0.797). Thus, under limited circumstances the instruments may be interchangeable. The less expensive and more portable HHD may be a practical alternative for the clinical measurement of muscle strength.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Perception of unilateral weightbearing during unilateral and bilateral upright stance.

To compare the effect of stance (unilateral vs bilateral) and of weightbearing target (25%, 50%, 75%) on error in weightbearing perception, two groups, unilateral and bilateral, of 30 comparable subjects were tested. Weightbearing was measured while subjects stood on digital scales; bilateral stance was accomplished using two scales, and unilateral stance was accomplished using a walker and a single scale. The subject's error in perceiving weightbearing at each target level was assessed by taking the absolute value of the target percent weightbearing minus the mean actual percent weightbearing. The mean errors at the 25, 50 and 75% targets were 6.5, 3.2, 17.6% for the unilateral group and 3.1, 1.4, 3.8% for the bilateral group. A two-way analysis of variance indicated the magnitude of error differed between groups and target levels, with a greater over-all error displayed by the unilateral weightbearing group. Our results suggest that adults are less accurate in judging weightbearing while standing on one, rather than on two, lower extremities. Clinicians should not expect patients to follow accurately instructions to weightbear at a specific percentage of full weight, particularly when using an assistive device to adjust weightbearing.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Shoulder subluxation and pain in stroke patients.

Twenty-four patients with stroke were studied (a) to determine the interrater reliability of a clinical measurement of shoulder subluxation, (b) to confirm the interrater reliability of the Ritchie Articular Index (Bohannon & LeFort, 1986) for measuring shoulder pain, (c) to establish the relationship between the Ritchie index scores and shoulder lateral rotation range of motion measured at the point of pain (SROMP), and (d) to determine the relationship between shoulder subluxation and shoulder pain. The agreement between the two examiners' (the authors) measurements of subluxation was "almost perfect" (Landis & Koch, 1977, p. 165). The agreement between the two examiners' Ritchie index measurements was "substantial" (Landis & Koch, 1977, p. 165). The Ritchie index and SROMP measurements correlated significantly. Neither the Ritchie index nor the SROMP measurements correlated significantly with subluxation. Although the measurements used in this study were reliable, they did not support the association of shoulder subluxation with shoulder pain in stroke patients. Clinicians wishing to reduce shoulder pain in stroke patients should direct their treatment accordingly.

Adult↗