[The superficial layers of the nerve fiber of the squid].
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Biomedical subjects
R Villegas
Publications and source records attributed to R Villegas.
Quantitative relationship between salivary level of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in children with Down's syndrome.
OBJECTIVE: The actual work intends to establish a correlation between quantitative counts for Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in the saliva of patients with Down syndrome (DS), and in mentally deficient (MD) patients, with respect to a normal group (C ). DESIGN OF THE STUDY: This study was performed in 166 children (49 DS, 60MD and 57C), whose saliva samples were grown on TYCSB agar and Sabouraud agar. Subsequently, microbiological analysis, scanning electron microscopy and aggregation assays were made. The results were statistically evaluated using the variance analysis (ANOVA) and the Student "t" test for unpaired data. RESULTS: A correlation of 0.45 was found for group C, 0.55 in DS patients and 0.37 in MD patients, when comparing counts of S. mutans and C. albicans in saliva. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed coaggregation between S. mutans and C. albicans and this was confirmed by in vitro experiments of S. mutans and C. albicans made on nitrocellulose filters. CONCLUSIONS: This kind of association between bacteria and fungi contributes to justify a pathogenic synergy among several microorganisms, as well as some infectious local or systemic manifestations, depending on the immunity status of the patient.
Adolescent↗
Prevalence and lifestyle determinants of the metabolic syndrome.
Participants with the metabolic syndrome are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine the role of lifestyle risk factors in the development of the metabolic syndrome with particular reference to physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption. We performed a cross sectional study of the prevalence of CVD risk factors and glucose intolerance, including type 2 diabetes involving a group of 1473 men and women were sampled from 17 general practice lists in the South of Ireland. A total of 1018 attended for screening, giving a response rate of 69%. Participants completed a detailed health and lifestyle questionnaire and provided fasting blood samples for analysis of glucose, insulin and lipids. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the current WHO criteria. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 21.0% (95% C.I. 18.7% to 24.1%). In multivariate analyses with the metabolic syndrome as the dependent variable we observed a significant, independent inverse association with physical activity level (OR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39-0.90 for medium and OR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28-0.93) for high level of activity relative to the low level of activity group). Ex-drinkers had a higher prevalence of the syndrome in multivariate analysis relative to occasional drinkers, (OR = 2.38; 95% CI, 1.08-5.26). Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was not significantly associated with current alcohol consumption or with smoking status. These data highlight the importance of physical inactivity in the aetiology of the metabolic syndrome.
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