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Biomedical subjects

R Villani

Publications and source records attributed to R Villani.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase in human cerebral tumors.

Adenyl-cyclase (A-C) and Phosphodiesterase (PDE) behaviour in a large number of human cerebral tumors is reported and compared with that of normal gray and white matter. PDE is much reduced in all oncotypes. Also A-C appears reduced in all tumors except astrocytomas where enzymatic activity is similar to that of gray matter. The Authors tried to explain these changes in activity by relating them to the malignancy of the oncotypes or to their different embryologic origin.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The dysraphic state of the posterior fossa. Clinical review of the Dandy-Walker syndrome and the so-called arachnoid cysts.

The Authors report their case material concerning some basic items of the dysraphic pathology of the Posterior Fossa: 22 cases of Dandy Walker syndromes (DWS) and "Arachnoid Cysts" (PFC). The mean clinical findings (predominant involvement of the vestibular structures of the brain stem in the DWS, frequent epileptic seizures and some cases of hypothalamic disturbances in the PFC) are discussed in the light of current embryological theories on Weed's "area membranacea". Finally the results of differential surgical treatments are examined: good or satisfactory results were obtained with shunts, while still debatable seems to be the direct surgical approach.

Arachnoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracranial bleeding in haemophilia. A study of eleven cases.

We have analysed eleven cases of intracranial haemorrhage occurring over the last 9 years in a population of 250 haemophiliacs. The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the prognostic possibilities available since the introduction of new diagnostic procedures and the progress in replacement therapy with anti-haemophilic factor. The sites of the haemorrhages and changes after treatment were visualized by CAT in 7 of the patients. Four patients died following dramatic evolution of their clinical conditions; two of them died before surgery, the others after having been operated on while in very deep coma. Two patients were successfully operated on for lesions occupying extracerebral spaces (one subdural and one extradural haematoma); replacement therapy avoided both recurrence and serious neurological defects. One patient with subarachnoid haemorrhage complicated by hydrocephalus was given an extrathecal shunt of cerebrospinal fluid. Four haemophiliacs had intracerebral haematomas: two of these needed surgery whilst the others recovered without serious neurological defects with replacement therapy only. These findings indicate that replacement therapy has considerably changed the prognosis of intracranial haemorrhage in haemophiliacs and that the CAT is a very helpful diagnostic procedure for evaluation of the acute stage and the follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optic nerve and chiasm gliomas in children.

In a 30 years period, 42 children were admitted for optic nerve and chiasm gliomas; 20 patients aged less than 5 years and 22 between 6 and 16 years. Duration of symptoms ranged from 13.15 months in children aged less than 5 years, to 10.18 months in patients aged more than 6. Onset of symptoms were characterized by visual impairment and/or proptosis in 73.8%, diencephalic disorders in 16.6% and intracranial hypertension in 9.5%. All patients underwent skull X-rays; 31 had a PEG taken and 12 a CT scan. Surgery was prompted in 27 patients, 2 of which died in postoperative course. Radiotherapy was the treatment of choice in the other 15 patients, 40 patients were followed up: the best results were obtained in the group of patients operated on and irradiated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracranial pressure in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Preliminary report in 36 cases.

Thirty-six patients with SAH were submitted to continuous ICP monitoring: in 33 cases a continuous ventricular fluid pressure recording was performed in acute stage. According to Hunt and Hess, 2 patients were graded I, one II, one III, 13 IV and 16 V. In the remaining 3 cases who developed a normal pressure hydrocephalus 15, 20 and 40 days from bleeding an extradural miniaturized transducer was applied. B and C waves were common findings in acutely recorded patients. Typical A waves accompanied base line recordings in patients with NPH. From analysis of data the authors evidenced that elevated ICP values have been registered not only in patients graded as III, IV and V but also in those graded I and II: as 89% of patients belong to grades IV and V it was impossible to correlate clinical status with ICP. In patients with spasm it was never noted ICP values higher than 20 mmHg during recording time (from 60 hours to 10 days). In order to reduce intracranial hypertension CSF drainage was performed in 33 patients acutely registered. In patients graded I and II this procedure was followed by an ICP reduction and an improvement of the clinical status. In none of the patients graded IV and V in spite of pressure maintained at 10 mmHg, CSF drainage affected clinical evolution.

Catheterization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pressure volume relation in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage and diffuse cerebral vasospasm.

Seven patients, presenting severe neurological status (grades IV and V according to Hunt and Hess) and cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage were submitted to continuous ICP recording the study of the cerebral elastic properties by PVI compliance computation. All the patients presented low ICP values (below 20 mmHg) for the whole period of monitoring. The results of PVI and compliance measurements show that the pressure-volume curves in these patients are different from the physiological P-V curve. The PVI values progressively increase with the rise in ICP. The significance of this finding is discussed.

Brain↗