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Biomedical subjects

R Vijayakumar

Publications and source records attributed to R Vijayakumar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Ulnar neuropathy resulting from diffuse intramuscular hemorrhage: a case report.

The ulnar nerve can be injured in the arm, forearm, and wrist. This report describes a 79-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with acute lower extremity weakness and vertigo. Her medical history was significant for moderate to severe aortic stenosis, hypertension, and a remote intravascular thrombosis in the right forearm. The patient was diagnosed with a transient ischemic attack and was treated with anticoagulants. Three days after beginning anticoagulation therapy, she developed a diffuse intramuscular hemorrhage in the arm, which compromised predominantly ulnar fibers. The clinical, radiologic, and electrodiagnostic abnormalities are reviewed, and the possible etiologies of ulnar neuropathy are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ulnar neuropathy secondary to diffuse hemorrhage into the muscles of the arm.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Familial Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency with renal failure in two siblings. First case report from India.

We encountered 2 siblings with corneal opacities, anemia, decreased concentration of plasma esterified cholesterol, chronic renal failure and markedly reduced levels of plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Renal biopsy in 1 patient showed clear lacunae containing characteristic dense bodies in the glomerular and tubular basement membranes and the interstitium. One of the 2 siblings received a kidney transplant and is doing well after 9 years. This is the first report of this rare metabolic disease from India.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation and selection of living related kidney donors--our experience in a government hospital.

In a state-funded, live related-donor kidney transplantation programme, 616 eligible end stage renal failure (ESRF) patients were seen over a four-year period. 73% of them had potential related donors, 64% of whom were willing to donate. Fear of surgery, non-congenial pre-morbid relationships and discouragement by family members were the most common reasons for unwillingness to donate. After investigations, 76% of the willing donors were found to be fit. ABO incompatibility, lymphocyte cross-match positivity and anatomic abnormalities were the most common grounds for non-acceptance. Sixty eight percent of the willing, fit donors finally donated their kidneys, patient-death and donor-recipient withdrawal before surgery accounting for the remaining. One hundred and forty eight patients underwent renal transplantation. Two-thirds of the donors were females, mothers (37%) forming the single largest group. Eight five percent of the recipients were males. Overall, only 35% of the eligible ESRF patients had related, willing and fit donors attesting to the need for an active, cadaver-donor transplantation programme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Leptospirosis in Madras--a clinical and serological study.

Leptospirosis was confirmed by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and/or ELISA in 57 patients admitted to the Government General Hospital, Madras, India, during November and December of 1990 and 1991 with symptomatology suggestive of the disease. Fifty (88%) of the 57 cases were males; the mean age of all the cases was 39.6 years (range 17-72). The main clinical features were: fever 100% jaundice 84%, Myalgia 82%, acute renal failure 72% and conjunctival suffusion 58%. Non-azotemic jaundice occurred in 19% of cases. Renal failure was non-oliguric in 24% of cases. 3.5% of patients died. 23 patients underwent peritoneal and/or hemodialysis. ELISA IgM titres ranged from 1:80 to 1:10240 (geometric mean tire 911). MAT titres > or = 1:1600 and > or = 1:800 occurred in 39 of 54 and 51 of 54 cases respectively. Autumnalis was the serogroup most commonly recorded serologically, and Leptospira interrogans serovar autumnalis was isolated from one patient. This study shows that leptospirosis is a significant health problem in Madras, though normally grossly underestimated due to the absence of routine laboratory diagnostic facilities for the disease. Gross under-reporting is also likely in other high rainfall third world areas.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Improved pregnancy rates and outcome with gamete intrafallopian transfer when follicular fluid is used as a sperm capacitation and gamete transfer medium.

Follicular fluid (FF) is a dynamic medium rich in steroids, polypeptide hormones, and growth factors. Preovulatory FF can stimulate spermatozoal acrosome reaction. Moreover short preincubation of washed sperm with FF improves sperm performance in the hamster egg penetration assay. In the current study, FF was used to capacitate sperm and as a transfer medium in 131 gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) procedures. Ham's F-10 medium (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY) with 50% maternal serum was used in another 29 GIFT procedures. In the Ham's F-10 group, 29 GIFT procedures were performed in 25 patients with a pregnancy rate of 21% per laparoscopy and 24% per patient. In the FF group, 131 GIFT procedures were performed in 100 patients with a pregnancy rate of 50% per laparoscopy and 66% per patient, with a 59% ongoing pregnancy rate per patient. The most significant improvement was in the male factor group with a pregnancy rate of 0% in the Ham's F-10 group and 44% per procedure in the FF group. We conclude that the use of FF for sperm capacitation and as a gamete transfer medium significantly improves GIFT pregnancy rates and outcome.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1987

Ovarian stromal and luteal tissue prostaglandins, 17 beta-estradiol, and progesterone in relation to the phases of the menstrual cycle in women.

The concentrations of prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostaglandin E2, the 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-metabolite of prostaglandin F2 alpha, progesterone, and 17 beta-estradiol were measured in 31 ovarian stromal tissue and 18 luteal tissues. Tissue samples were obtained during abdominal hysterectomy. The ovarian stromal tissue prostaglandin F2 alpha content during the late secretory and early proliferative phases was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than in tissues obtained during any other phases of the menstrual cycle. The ovarian stromal tissue prostaglandin E2 content was significantly elevated (p less than 0.01) during the late proliferative and early secretory phases. The content of the prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite also was elevated (p less than 0.001) in ovarian stromal tissues obtained during the late proliferative and early secretory phases. Comparison of the concentrations of prostaglandins and sex steroids in ovarian stromal and luteal tissues indicate the latter to be far more active in terms of steroid and arachidonate metabolism. During the early luteal phase, when the luteal progesterone content was at its highest, both luteal and ovarian stromal tissue contents of prostaglandin E2 were also elevated. The late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle was characterized by lowered luteal progesterone content and a markedly elevated level of prostaglandin F2 alpha in luteal and ovarian stromal tissues. During cyclic ovarian activity in the woman, prostaglandin E2 predominated during the periovulatory phases while the period of luteal death was highlighted by the elevated prostaglandin F2 alpha content in ovarian stromal and luteal tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Mouse embryo growth in different culture media: selection of a medium for quality control cross-testing of human in vitro fertilization conditions.

A total of 2070 two-cell mouse embryos were recovered from 89 superovulated female hybrid mice. Six different culture media were tested. The various media supported mouse embryo development as follows (percentage mean +/- SD, n = 10): Hopp and Pitts medium (H&P) 87 +/- 5 Dulbecco's modified; Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% (volume/volume, v/v) fetal bovine serum (DMEM) 80 +/- 4; Ham's F-10 +/- 15.0% (v/v) human fetal cord serum (hFCS) 79 +/- 3; Whittingham's T-6 medium (WT-6) 60 +/- 4; Ham's F-10 +/- 7.5% (v/v) hFCS 55 +/- 5; Krebs-Ringer low bicarbonate buffer (KRLBB) 42 +/- 6. In H&P, DMEM, WT-6, and Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with hFCS, the pH was maintained within a narrow range of 7.30-7.45 and adequate level of oxygenation was achieved during 72 h in culture. KRLBB had poor buffering capacity and attained ineffective levels of oxygenation during culture. Superior mouse embryo development from two-cells to morulae and hollow blastocysts occurred in H&P, Ham's F-10 + 15% hFCS, and DMEM. Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with hFCS is routinely checked for its ability to support mouse two-cell embryo development to morulae and blastocysts. This is done in conjunction with H&P medium as the control.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Fine structure of spermatozoa retrieved from retrograde ejaculates.

The proportion of viable, motile spermatozoa retrieved from retrograde ejaculates has been consistently low. Electron microscopic studies of spermatozoa of retrograde ejaculates collected in Baker's buffer and washed in Ham's F10 medium supplemented with 2% human serum albumin revealed considerable ultrastructural lesions to the sperm head and the midpiece. Swelling and/or loss of plasma membrane was observed in most of the sperm. In others, the membrane continuity was disrupted, and tattered remnants of it remained attached to a grossly abnormal acrosome. The acrosomal cap in the majority of the spermatozoa was swollen and irregular in shape. Some of the spermatozoa lacked the acrosome, and the sperm heads of these were lined by the inner acrosomal membrane. Subcellular derangement in the midpiece of retrograde spermatozoa was characterized by mitochondrial swelling and lysis, indicating definite cytotoxic injury to the spermatozoa. These EM observations are consistent with the findings of high sperm wastage in semen from men with retrograde ejaculation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Quantitative ultramorphological evaluation of swim-up spermatozoa used in human in vitro fertilization and transcervical intrauterine insemination.

Ultramorphological changes that occur on the sperm head during in vitro incubation of human spermatozoa was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Motile spermatozoa that swim-up were processed for TEM. Washed but unincubated sperm heads had all of the fine structural characteristics of normal spermatozoa: intact plasma membrane, acrosome, equatorial segment, postacrosomal sheath, subacrosomal space filled with fine granular material, dense nucleus containing conspicuous nuclear vacuoles of differing sizes and numbers, and faintly discernible nuclear membrane. The procedure of washing and centrifugation did not alter the structural integrity of spermatozoa. Any evidence of ultramorphological changes in the incubated spermatozoa appeared to be confined to the surface of the anterior two-thirds of the sperm head. These changes were characterized by detachment of plasma membrane, fusion of plasma and acrosomal membranes, vesiculation of membranes, and exposure of acrosomal contents. There was a significant (p less than 0.001) time-dependent increase in the proportion of spermatozoa with such changes. The anterior border of these denuded sperm heads were bound only by the acrosome that appeared as electron-dense granular material on the outer margin and attached on its inner border to the inner acrosomal membrane. Furthermore, in vitro incubation of washed spermatozoa did not lead to any time-dependent degenerative changes.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1986

Orally and parenterally administered ibuprofen for postoperative adhesion prevention.

Adhesion formation was examined in 45 rats that were divided into five groups of 9 animals each: control, oral ibuprofen, intramuscular ibuprofen, intraperitoneal 32% dextran 70, and oral ibuprofen plus intraperitoneal 32% dextran 70. Four weeks after receiving a standard injury, all the animals were killed and the adhesions scored blindly. Both the oral and intramuscular ibuprofen groups had significantly less severe adhesion formation (P less than .01) when compared to the control group. Although 32% dextran 70 alone showed no beneficial effect in reducing adhesions, the combination of oral ibuprofen and 32% dextran 70 had the least adhesion formation (P less than .002) when compared to the control group. Oral and intramuscular ibuprofen seem to be equally efficient in reducing postoperative adhesions. Furthermore, the combination of oral ibuprofen and 32% dextran 70 appears to have a synergistic effect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Effects of estrone infusion on secretion of F series prostaglandins and on function of the corpus luteum during late gestation in cattle.

Catheters were surgically implanted in the carotid artery, jugular vein, and middle uterine vein of 8 cows at 245 days of gestation. Four cows were given 4 mg of estrone/hour via continuous jugular infusion from 0800 hours on day 246 of gestation through 0800 hours on day 250 of gestation; the remaining 4 cows (controls) were given the vehicle for estrone at 10 ml/hour for the same period. Blood samples were collected from the carotid artery every 3 hours during the infusion. Samples were collected hourly from the middle uterine vein from 0 through 8, 54 through 66, and 112 through 120 hours of the infusion periods. After completion of the infusion, corpora lutea were enucleated and blood samples were collected from the carotid artery and uterine vein at hourly intervals for an additional 8 hours. Dispersed cell preparations of the corpora lutea were incubated with and without luteinizing hormone (LH) or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP). Circulating concentrations of unconjugated and conjugated estrone and estradiol-17 beta were higher (P less than 0.05) in the group infused with estrone than in the vehicle-infused group. Mean and base-line concentrations of F series prostaglandins (PGF) for each blood collection period tended to increase (P less than 0.10) during infusion with estrone, but not during infusion with vehicle. After luteectomy, mean and base-line concentrations of PGF also tended (P less than 0.10) to be greater in the estrone-infused cows than in the control cows, but a surge in PGF concentrations due to removal of the ovarian source of progesterone did not develop.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Peritoneal fluid volume, estrogen, progesterone, prostaglandin, and epidermal growth factor concentrations in patients with and without endometriosis.

Elevated prostaglandin (PG) levels in peritoneal fluid have been implicated as playing a role in infertility associated with endometriosis. This study was designed to measure peritoneal fluid levels of PG and other hormones that may influence PG release. Specific hormones measured included PGF2 alpha, PGE2, TxB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor. Peritoneal fluid volume and levels of estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor were significantly (P less than .05) increased during the secretory, as opposed to the proliferative, phase in both groups of patients, but no significant differences in these parameters were found between patients with and without endometriosis during either the proliferative or secretory phases. Although PG levels did not vary during the menstrual cycle in either group of patients, all four prostanoids were present in significantly (P less than .05) higher concentrations in patients with endometriosis as compared with patients without endometriosis. Furthermore, increased PG levels in patients with endometriosis appear to be due primarily to an increase in PG levels during the secretory phase of the cycle.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1983

Human luteal tissue prostaglandins, 17 beta-estradiol, and progesterone in relation to the growth and senescence of the corpus luteum.

Prostaglandins (PG) E2 and F2 alpha, the 13,14-dihydro-15-keto metabolite of PGF2 alpha, 17 beta-estradiol, and progesterone (P) were measured in luteal tissues obtained from 28 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy for various benign gynecologic conditions. The highest concentration of PGF2 alpha was found in corpora lutea in the late luteal phase, in which the P concentration was lower than in corpora lutea from earlier phases of the cycle. In postovulatory corpora lutea, PGF2 alpha levels were low, while those of PGE2 and P were high. A positive correlation existed between concentrations of P and PGE2 in luteal tissues throughout the cycle. The results suggest that PGE2 may exert a trophic influence on luteal steroidogenesis and that PGF2 alpha is involved in human luteal regression.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Myometrial prostaglandins during the human menstrual cycle.

Prostaglandins E and F (PGE, PGF) and their 13,14-dihydro-15-keto metabolites were measured by radioimmunoassay in myometrium obtained from 27 women during abdominal hysterectomy for benign gynecologic conditions at defined stages of the menstrual cycle. Excepting the late secretory phase, when myometrial PGF concentrations were highest, the myometrial PGE concentration exceeded that of PGF throughout most of the menstrual cycle, especially during the late proliferative phase. The prostaglandin metabolites in myometrium did not fluctuate during the cycle, but their respective ratios with the parent prostaglandins showed changes indicative of increased biosynthesis and/or reduced catabolism of PGF and reduced biosynthesis and/or increased catabolism of PGE during the late secretory phase. The results suggest that PGE is involved in the mechanism of increased myometrial activity in the periovulatory period and that PGF may be important in the initiation of menstruation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandin F2 alpha using sephadex G-75 gel chromatography.

The development of a "bound-free" separation technique and its application to the radioimmunoassay of prostaglandin F2 alpha is described. The method is simple, rapid, free of non-specific binding and could be performed either at 4 degrees C C or at room temperature. A total of 100 tubes could be subjected to "bound-free" separation in 30 min at 4 degrees C. The bound fraction is collected directly into scintillation vials. The total column length was 9.5 cm, of which the bed volume was 2.5 ml. The PGF2 alpha radioimmunoassay incubation volume of 0.3 ml when bedded in required 1.4 ml of elution buffer to elute the antibody-bound fraction. The free fraction was washed out with 4.0 ml of buffer and the columns were ready for further use. A standard curve of high sensitivity (5 pg) and good reproducibility (CV%: intra-assay = 6.54; inter-assay = 9.68) was obtained.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗