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R Vidal

Publications and source records attributed to R Vidal.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Comparison of the acid-base status of blood obtained from intraosseous and central venous sites during steady- and low-flow states.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the acid-base status of blood obtained from the tibial intraosseous site with that status obtained from a central venous site during stead- and low-flow states in a piglet model. DESIGN: A prospective, observational study. SETTING: Animal laboratory at a university medical center. SUBJECTS: Nine 2-day-old piglets. INTERVENTIONS: Animals were anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. A thermodilution pulmonary artery catheter was inserted via the right internal jugular vein and directed into the pulmonary artery. An arterial catheter was inserted into the right carotid artery and an intraosseous needle was inserted into the proximal tibial marrow cavity. Cardiorespiratory arrest was induced by discontinuation of ventilation. The animals were subsequently resuscitated by precordial compressions and ventilation. Blood samples were obtained from central venous and intraosseous sites during steady state and during resuscitation (low-flow state). RESULTS: No significant differences (p < .05) were found for pH, PCO2, and bicarbonate concentration when values that were obtained from the central venous and intraosseous sites were compared during steady- and low-flow states. CONCLUSIONS: The acid-base status of intraosseous blood is similar to that status of central venous blood. Intraosseous blood gas values may be an acceptable alternative to central venous blood gas values in judging central acid-base status during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1993

Docosahexaenoic acid--a new therapeutic approach to peroxisomal-disorder patients: experience with two cases.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 omega 3) is a major constituent of brain membrane phospholipids and photoreceptor cells. Patients with generalized peroxisomal disorders have extremely low levels of DHA in the brain and other tissues. Since a DHA deficiency could explain some basic symptoms in peroxisomal-disorder patients, we tested the possible beneficial effects of DHA in two patients with neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD). Before the treatment, both patients had very low DHA levels in plasma and erythrocytes. We first gave DHA in the form of fish oil and, in both patients, the rapid increase in red-cell DHA levels indicated that this fatty acid was being absorbed and incorporated into membrane phospholipids very fast. However, a low ratio 22:6 omega 3/22:5 omega 3 was still present in erythrocyte membranes, and the content of 20:5 omega 3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) was too high with the fish oil diet. We then began treatment with pure DHA ethyl ester and, after a few weeks, erythrocyte omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were normal. There was an increase in the 18:0 molecular species of plasmalogens in both patients, most significantly in the child with affected plasmalogen biosynthesis in cultured fibroblasts. In the less severely affected NALD patient, treatment with DHA produced a very significant decrease in the ratios 24:1/22:0 and 26:1/22:0, and this child improved neurologically. The present data suggest that DHA deficiency may be the cause for some of the most characteristic abnormalities in peroxisomal-disorder patients and open new therapeutic possibilities for these patients.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Epitope map of two polyclonal antibodies that recognize amyloid lesions in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Two synthetic peptides with sequences identical with those of fragments of the extracellular domain of the Alzheimer's-disease amyloid precursor protein (APP) were used to raise antibodies. SP28 comprises positions 597-624 of the APP695 isoform, whereas SP41 extends towards the N-terminus (amino acids 584-624) and contains the entire SP28 peptide. Using e.l.i.s.a. and inhibition experiments we identified the two beta-turn-containing segments 602-607 and 617-624 as the epitopes recognized by anti-SP41 and anti-SP28 respectively. Both antibodies immunolabelled amyloid lesions in brains from Alzheimer's-disease patients and patients with related disorders, whereas they were unreactive in control brains. However, when probed on immunoblots, anti-SP28 failed to detect full-length APP from baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells, and anti-SP41 reacted weakly compared with other anti-APP antisera. The data suggest that these antibodies are directed to conformational epitopes not existent in the native molecules but present after alternative APP processing.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Replacement therapy of emphysema caused by alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency].

The most common feature of alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) deficiency is pulmonary emphysema, which becomes manifest in the third to fifth life decades in most subjects with PiZZ phenotype. In recent years, replacement therapy with alpha 1 AT from the plasma of blood donors has been developed. We report the protocol of treatment which has begun to be used in our center, now including two patients. We discuss inclusion criteria, the treatment schedules, the adverse side-effects and the future outlook for this type of therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

High-performance liquid chromatographic evaluation of 2-(alpha-thenoylthio)propionylglycine and its two metabolites in biological fluids.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determining 2-(alpha-thenoylthio)propionylglycine (TTPG) and its two main metabolites, thiophenecarboxylic acid and thiopronine, in biological samples was developed. TTPG and its metabolites were extracted by solvent partition and then determined by reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 245, 295 and 360 nm. This procedure was validated in order to allow the assay of these compounds in plasma and urine samples with sufficiently low detection limits (50 ng/ml for TTPG and TCA and 100 ng/ml for thiopronine) and with good linearity within the concentration range investigated. It was applied to a comprehensive pharmacokinetic investigation of TTPG in healthy volunteers.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1990

Acquired factor V deficiency in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis.

A 29 yr old man with pulmonary tuberculosis and concomitant acquired plasma coagulation factor V deficiency is reported. The case is discussed together with three previously described cases. The bleeding tendency in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis may be caused by a coagulation factor antibody and may be corrected by chemotherapy, as in the case described. Special therapeutic approaches are required in some cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Sarcoidosis in Catalonia: analysis of 425 cases].

In a retrospective cooperative study carried out in three Barcelona hospitals, 425 patients in whom a diagnosis of sarcoidosis had been made during a 15-year period were evaluated. Several parameters were evaluated and compared with those from the longest series in the literature. Remarkable epidemiological and clinical features included the female predominance, explained by the high frequency of clinical presentations with erythema nodosum; the high incidence of other skin lesions, and, by contrast, the low frequency of eye involvement. It was also remarkable that in a few cases the diagnosis was made in a routine chest radiogram. In diagnostic procedures there was a good diagnostic yield from mediastinoscopy and muscle and pre-scalene fat biopsies The results of Kveim's test, functional respiratory testing and such current activity markers as 67-gallium pulmonary scintigraphy, serum levels of angiotensin converting enzyme and bronchoalveolar lavage were analyzed, and no differences with other series from the literature were found. The presence of the B8 allele and the A1 B8 haplotype was highly significant in subacute sarcoidosis. It is concluded that sarcoidosis is not an uncommonly found condition in this country if the suspicion index is high and an appropriate diagnostic workup is carried out. Its features are not different, as a rule, from those in other European series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Alveolar proteinosis and nocardiosis: a patient treated by bronchopulmonary lavage.

Alveolar proteinosis is a relatively rare disease of unclear pathogenesis associated with opportunistic-infections. Although nocardiosis is the most frequent one, only 22 cases have been reported previously and are reviewed here. We present a patient with alveolar proteinosis with nocardiosis treated as an emergency with bilateral bronchopulmonary lavage and antibiotics. No previous cases of this association have been successfully managed in this way.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Resistance caused by hyperproduction of chromosomal beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

From 120 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains selected for their slight susceptibility to ceftazidime (MIC greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) we studied the characteristics of beta-lactamases and their susceptibility to aminoglycoside and to beta-lactam antibiotics. The quantitative spectrum, chromosomic beta-lactamase hyperproduction and the isoelectric point of beta-lactamases were also studied as well as the MIC in solid medium, inoculum 5 x 10(4) cfu. About 14.7% of strains moderately susceptible to ceftazidime and 88.4% of those resistant, were hyperproducers of chromosomic beta-lactamases. All the strains were resistant to ureidopenicillins, cefotaxime and moxalactam, 55.8% to monobactams and 35% were also resistant to cefsulodine; all of them were susceptible to imipenem. In bacteria isolated from twelve patients a loss of susceptibility could be observed against ceftazidime and other beta-lactams. There was also an increase in chromosomic beta-lactamase production during the treatment with antibiotics.

Aminoglycosides↗