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Biomedical subjects

R Unger

Publications and source records attributed to R Unger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Calories count. Improved weight gain with dietary intervention in congenital heart disease.

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the nutritional status of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) to evaluate the role of dietary intake in impaired weight for patient length. Underweight patients with CHD underwent nutritional counseling to evaluate the role of this intervention in improvement of weight for length. RESEARCH DESIGN: We prospectively evaluated a clinical protocol for nutritional assessment and counseling in patients with CHD. Eligible patients were enrolled from a cardiology clinic during a 13-month period. Initial anthropometric measurements and measurements of dietary intake of underweight and normal-weight patients were compared. Initial and follow-up measurements of underweight patients who received nutritional counseling were compared. PATIENTS: Nineteen underweight patients with CHD and 16 normal-weight patients with CHD, aged 1 month to 2 years, were studied. Exclusion criteria included noncardiac factors that could affect growth (eg, low birth weight, Down syndrome, gastrointestinal deficit, and any severe abnormality of the central nervous system). Seventeen of the 19 underweight patients underwent nutritional counseling in the presence of a parent every 2 months for 6 months. Caloric and protein intakes were maximized using high-calorie formulas. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Baseline dietary intake was lower in underweight patients than in normal-weight patients (mean percentage of the recommended daily allowance of calories, 89% vs 108%). Follow-up evaluation in normal-weight patients showed no change in percentage of ideal body weight for length. Follow-up evaluation in underweight patients showed improvement in mean dietary intake (from 90% to 104% of the recommended daily allowance of calories) and in mean percentage of ideal body weight for length after intervention (from 83.1% to 88.3%). CONCLUSION: Nutritional evaluation of patients with CHD demonstrated that underweight children had inadequate diets. Underweight patients with CHD who received nutritional counseling showed increased dietary intake and improved anthropometric measurements on follow-up.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1992

Triphasic combination of ethinyl estradiol and gestodene. Long-term clinical trial.

A triphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and gestodene was used by 1933 women for up to 36 cycles in order to evaluate contraceptive efficacy, general tolerance and cycle control. Altogether, 30,763 treatment cycles were recorded. Two pregnancies were seen, both of them classified as user failure. The rates of spotting and breakthrough bleeding fell below the rates of the pre-treatment cycle after the first three months of treatment. Adverse events were mostly minor with breast tension and headaches the most common complaints. After the first three cycles, the incidence of most complaints was the same as or even lower than in the pre-treatment cycle. Blood pressure and body weight remained practically unchanged. The trial preparation provided reliable contraception with good general tolerance and cycle control when taken for up to three years.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An analysis of protein folding pathways.

We have developed a model of the protein folding process based on three primary assumptions: that burying of hydrophobic area is the dominant contribution to the relative free energy of a conformation, that a record of the folding process is largely preserved in the final structure, and that the denatured state is a random coil. Detailed folding pathways are identified for 19 protein structures. The picture of the folding process that emerges from this analysis is one of nucleation by regions of 8-16 residues. Nucleation sites then lead to larger structures by two mechanisms: propagation and diffusion/collision. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to follow the folding pathway when propagation is the dominant mechanism. Because detailed pathways are derived for each protein, the models are susceptible to experimental verification.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Application of anticytokeratin antibodies to colon carcinomas.

Mouse monoclonal anticytokeratin antibodies (BA 16; BA 17; CO 8.2; C18.2; C 10; LE 41) were used for examination of 5 patients with large bowel carcinoma ("left colon") using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. For each case cryostat sections were examined from three localizations: primary tumour of large bowel, mucosa in the vicinity of the tumour, and mucosa of distant part from the primary tumour. The antibodies BA 16 and BA 17 produced strongly positive results. Antibody C 18.2 seems to be less suitable for detection of cytokeratin expression in this part of large bowel. The obtained results indicate that no significant differences were found in expression of cytokeratins in the three localizations by histologically well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Fluid through the epidural needle does not reduce complications of epidural catheter insertion.

Epidural catheter insertion may be associated with blood vessel trauma or nerve root irritation. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the injection of small amounts of fluid through the Tuohy needle prior to catheter insertion reduced the incidence of these and other minor complications. Two hundred patients in labour, requesting epidural analgesia, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group I--the catheter was inserted without previous injection of fluid; Group II--3 ml, 1.5 per cent lidocaine hydrochloride was injected through the needle prior to catheter insertion; Group III--3 ml, saline was injected prior to catheter insertion. There were no differences among the groups in the incidence of blood vessel trauma or paraesthesiae. We conclude that there is no advantage in injecting of fluid routinely into the epidural space prior to catheter insertion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Childhood obesity. Medical and familial correlates and age of onset.

The prevalence of obesity in U.S. children is rising. Etiologic studies have focused on infants and school age children but little is known about obesity in early childhood. To study the development of childhood obesity and its medical correlates, the authors reviewed 175 charts of obese children seen in a nutrition clinic. The 61 study subjects (37% of charts reviewed) had growth records for ages 7 years and less and were without developmental delay syndromes. Thirty-nine (64%) of 61, were girls; ages at presentation were 1 to 14 years. Data collection included previous and presenting weights, heights, medical problems, and evidence of parental and sibling obesity. Study subjects' mean percent of ideal body weight for height (% IBWH) at presentation was 160 percent. Many study subjects had medical problems considered to be related to obesity: 30 percent had asthma, 25 percent elevated blood pressure, and 28 percent hyperlipidemia. Thirty (63%) of 48, study subjects with data on maternal weight and height, had obese mothers and 14 (31%) of 45 had obese fathers. Fourteen (50%) of 28 had one or more obese siblings. Among all study subjects, the proportion of obese (% IBWH greater than 120%) and severely obese children (% IBWH greater than 140%) increased between ages 1 and 7 years. For example, the proportion greater than 140% IBWH was zero percent at 1 year and 3 years; 0.1 at 2 years; 0.2 at 4 years; 0.5 at 5 to 6 years; and 0.6 at 7 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Taking issue.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1989

[Acute states in colorectal surgery].

The authors evaluate their own group of 80 patients treated in the acute stage of colorectal disease during the period between 1980-1987 at the First Surgical Clinic, Faculty Hospital with Policlinic, Olomouc. Fifty-five patients treated by the classical three-stage operation with a lethality of 51%, 25 patients treated by primary resection with a lethality of 31%. The encouraging immediate and long-term results of rationally indicated acute resections are not in favour of three-stage operations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

A 3D building blocks approach to analyzing and predicting structure of proteins.

A new approach is introduced for analyzing and ultimately predicting protein structures, defined at the level of C alpha coordinates. We analyze hexamers (oligopeptides of six amino acid residues) and show that their structure tends to concentrate in specific clusters rather than vary continuously. Thus, we can use a limited set of standard structural building blocks taken from these clusters as representatives of the repertoire of observed hexamers. We demonstrate that protein structures can be approximated by concatenating such building blocks. We have identified about 100 building blocks by applying clustering algorithms, and have shown that they can "replace" about 76% of all hexamers in well-refined known proteins with an error of less than 1 A, and can be joined together to cover 99% of the residues. After replacing each hexamer by a standard building block with similar conformation, we can approximately reconstruct the actual structure by smoothly joining the overlapping building blocks into a full protein. The reconstructed structures show, in most cases, high resemblance to the original structure, although using a limited number of building blocks and local criteria of concatenating them is not likely to produce a very precise global match. Since these building blocks reflect, in many cases, some sequence dependency, it may be possible to use the results of this study as a basis for a protein structure prediction procedure.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1986

DNAMAT: an efficient graphic matrix sequence homology algorithm and its application to structural analysis.

We present a fast algorithm to produce a graphic matrix representation of sequence homology. The algorithm is based on lexicographical ordering of fragments. It preserves most of the options of a simple naive algorithm with a significant increase in speed. This algorithm was the bais for a program, called DNAMAT, that has been extensively tested during the last three years at the Weizmann Institute of Science and has proven to be very useful. In addition we suggest a way to extend our approach to analyse a series of related DNA or RNA sequences, in order to determine certain common structural features. The analysis is done by 'summing' a set of dot-matrices to produce an overall matrix that displays structural elements common to most of the sequences. We give an example of this procedure by analysing tRNA sequences.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1979

Effects of insulin on the response of immunoreactive glucagon to an intravenous glucose load in human diabetes.

The effects of exogenous insulin upon the response of immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) to i.v. glucose were studied in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. In nondiabetics, a rapid injection of 25 g of glucose lowered plasma IRG levels. In adult-onset diabetics, the glucose-induced decline in IRG was normal despite a subnormal glucose-induced insulin rise, in contrast to impaired IRG suppressibility previously reported when such patients received an oral glucose load. The magnitude of their glucose-induced IRG decline was not augmented by exogenous insulin, even when insulin levels were acutely raised above 300 micro units/ml. In juvenile-type diabetics, basal IRG levels were normal following overnight insulin infusion, but the glucose-induced IRG decline was only half that of the nondiabetics. However, it became normal when hyperinsulinemia was acutely produced by supplementary insulin. Thus, whenever insulin levels rise in response to an increase in hyperglycemia, as they do spontaneously in nondiabetics and in adult-type diabetics and as they do when juvenile diabetics are given supplementary insulin together with the glucose bolus, the decline in IRG in response to an i.v. glucose load is as great as in nondiabetics. The findings are compatible with the view that glucose-induced suppression of IRG may require a concomitant rise in insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Response of plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity to the administration of alloxan in dogs.

The present study was designed to examine the effects of intravenously injected alloxan (75 mg/kg) upon plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI), glucagon (IRG), insulin (IRI) and glucose levels in 6 dogs. Within 2 hours of the injection of alloxan, SLI and IRI levels decreased significantly below their respective baselines, while IRG and plasma glucose concentrations increased. At 8 hours SLI levels had increased significantly by 55 pg/ml, together with a rise in IRI and a decrease in IRG and glucose concentrations. After 24 hours, marked hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia had developed whereas SLI levels were not different from preinjection values.

Alloxan↗