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Biomedical subjects

R Ulrich

Publications and source records attributed to R Ulrich.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Lack of changes in cytosolic ionized calcium in primary cultures of rat kidney cortical cells exposed to cytotoxic concentrations of gentamicin.

Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in vivo has a delayed onset. Our assessment of gentamicin-induced cell death in vitro, by measuring the release of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), indicated a prolonged onset as well. A recent study, which showed that gentamicin caused an abrupt increase in the concentration of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in a trypsin-harvested kidney cell line, suggested that immediate changes in calcium homeostasis may initiate the pathogenesis of gentamicin nephrotoxicity. To study the immediate effect of gentamicin on [Ca2+]i, gentamicin was perfused for 1 hr over primary monolayer cultures of renal cortical epithelial cells, and suspensions of trypsin-harvested renal cells (from primary cultures and a cell line) were treated with gentamicin for 30 min. [Ca2+]i was determined using the fluorescent probe fura-2. Positive controls (ionomycin and mercury) reliably increased [Ca2+]i in each experimental model, but no increase in [Ca2+]i was observed with gentamicin. Because enzyme release data indicated that significant cytotoxicity did not occur until 48 hr of exposure to 2 mM gentamicin, primary cultures were exposed to gentamicin (1-2 mM) for 24-48 hr and [Ca2+]i was measured. No gentamicin-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was observed in these longer exposures, whether or not significant LDH release occurred. These results do not support a role for elevated [Ca2+]i in the cytotoxicity of gentamicin in cultured kidney cells, either immediately after exposure or following prolonged exposures.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Allergic contact eczema to etofenamate and dwarf pine oil].

A typical case of contact dermatitis following topical applications of etofenamat is reported and a short review of literature is given. Considering the frequent administration of etofenamat, contact sensitization is relatively rare.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

Is it possible to prepare the second component of a movement before the first one?

Experiment 1 utilized a choice reaction time paradigm to examine whether advance information about the second component of a movement has similar effects upon movement initiation and execution as advance information about the first component. Four stimuli were assigned to four goal keys. Subjects responded with the index finger of their preferred hand. They had to press on of two intermediate keys before pressing the assigned stimulus goal key. Advance information signaled one pair of goal keys in such a way that either the first or the second movement component was unequivocally specified before the response signal appeared. Shorter reaction times resulted when the first component was precued. Further control conditions showed that advance information about the second movement component could not be utilized for movement preparation. Experiment 2 ruled out a perceptual interpretation of this effect. Experiment 3 showed that preparation time for two-component movements are longer than for one-component movements. The study permits the conclusions that speeded two-component movements are controlled by motor programs and that advance information about the first movement component is required before the second movement component can be programmed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Females and males in an intake psychiatric setting.

It is generally acknowledged that some psychiatric disorders are more commonly found among members of one sex rather than the other (e.g., Dohrenwend and Dohrenwend 1976; Gove and Tudor 1973; Kass et al. 1983; Robins et al. 1984; Rosenfield 1980; Weissman and Klerman 1977). Females, moreover, are consistently overrepresented in treatment populations of different sorts, and various reasons involving responses to illness and inclination to seek treatment have been offered to account for this (Finkler 1984; Kessler et al. 1981; Nathanson 1975; Verbrugge and Wingard 1987). In contrast to accepted gender differences in prevalence, incidence and inclination to use services, a prevailing view about psychopathology is that the actual content or manifestations of a disorder should be "culture free" or universal. In the theory of psychopathology (e.g., implicit in DSM-III), general descriptors of the person (i.e., demographic and cultural) play a comparatively minor role in the stipulation of the manifestations of psychiatric illness. Among socially and culturally oriented psychiatrists, on the other hand, such descriptors are considered important clues to origins of psychopathology. However, in such analyces, sociocultural is usually equated with altogether different symbolic/language traditions (e.g., Finkler 1985; Lieban 1978), although reports exist of sex differences in symptom expression in Western societies (Brown and Harris 1976; Hinkle et al. 1960; Nathanson 1979). Feminist critics assert that even within the sociocultural tradition linked to Anglo-American society, a bias exists with respect to how psychopathology is shaped, defined and handled (Kaplan 1983; Showalter 1985). The topic of gender differences in psychiatric morbidity is thus of considerable general interest and one that can be approached from a number of different perspectives. In this study we compare psychopathology in males and females who were referred to an intake setting. The DSM-III formulations and level and type of symptoms were the focus of analysis. The results are interpreted in light of findings in psychiatric epidemiology and social psychiatry.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immunological characterization of BLV proteins synthesized in Escherichia coli.

Hybrid proteins composed of beta-galactosidase and polypeptides of the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) including those of the main core protein p24, the envelope protein gp51 and the transmembrane protein gp30 were produced in Escherichia coli and immunologically characterized. The hybrid proteins were immunologically reactive with sera from cattle naturally infected with BLV, demonstrating a possible use for diagnosis of BLV infection. Detection of antibodies was most sensitive with the p24 derivative.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis of bovine leukemia virus antigens in Escherichia coli.

Plasmids were constructed by the use of pEX vectors that encode and express different parts of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV): main core protein p24, nucleic acid-binding protein p12, transmembrane protein gp30, and different segments of envelope protein gp51. Expression of fusion proteins with molecular weights higher than 117 kD for all recombinant plasmids was shown in Coomassie-blue stained gels and by Western blot analysis with rabbit anti-BLV sera. Coupling of a gp51-encoding with a p24-encoding DNA fragment in pEX vectors led to synthesis of a fusion protein that was recognized by monoclonal antibodies directed against gp51 and p24 epitopes. Using another vector, a gp51-encoding DNA fragment of BLV was expressed as a fusion protein with 100 amino acids of the MS2 polymerase. The fusion protein was recognized by monoclonal antibodies directed against gp51.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

New ELISA test for detection of bovine leukemia virus infections in cattle, using bacterially synthesized p24.

A new ELISA test is described for the detection of antibodies to bovine leukemia virus protein p24. This test employs a bacterially synthesized p24 antigen which represents a hybrid protein consisting of beta-galactosidase and about 70% of the mature viral p24. The antigen preparation was enriched from Escherichia coli cells to 95% purity and was used for the detection of antibodies in cattle. In a selected set of 100 positive field sera, 97 could be verified by the new test.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Recombinant core particles of hepatitis B virus exposing foreign antigenic determinants on their surface.

Insertion of foreign oligopeptide sequences (40-50 amino acids in length) into the Pro144 position of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) leads to the formation of chimeric capsids in Escherichia coli cells. These capsids are morphologically and immunologically similar to native HBcAg, but expose the inserted oligopeptides on their outer surface and exhibit antigenic and immunogenic characteristics of the latter. As a source of model antigenic determinants, the appropriate DNA copies excised from cloned viral genes such as the pre-S region of hepatitis B virus, the transmembrane protein gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus 1 and the envelope protein gp51 of bovine leukemia virus have been used. The localization of the inserted antigenic determinants on the surface of chimeric capsids does not depend on the presence or absence of the arginine-rich, 39 amino acid-long C terminus of HBcAg.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1989

[Ciprofloxacin treatment in bacterial skin infections].

In a controlled bacteriological study, the effectiveness and tolerance of ciprofloxacin was investigated in 61 patients with extensive bacterial skin infections. The pathogens found, all of which were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, were, for the most part, Staphylococcus aureus and hemolytic streptococci. Ciprofloxacin was administered at a daily oral dose of 2 x 500 mg for an average of 12 days. Primary elimination of the pathogen was achieved in 96 per cent of the patients, in 4 per cent there was a marked reduction in in vitro pathogen growth. Clinical healing or improvement was observed in 98.3 per cent of the patients. Treatment with ciprofloxacin was very well tolerated. No changes in the laboratory parameters, blood count, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea, SGOT, SGPT or urinary status were observed. By way of undesired side effects, transient diarrhea occurred in only a single patient. The results of this study demonstrate the considerable therapeutic value of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of bacterial skin infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

A radioimmunoassay detecting the bovine leukaemia virus transmembrane protein gp30 and anti-gp30 antibodies in the serum of cattle.

By means of SDS PAGE we isolated from virus-infected foetal lamb kidney (FLK) cells a relatively homogenous envelope transmembrane protein gp30 of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). As shown by a partial sequence analysis of the N-terminus of this protein, our gp30 preparation contained only traces (less than 5%) of p24 gag protein: Rabbit anti-gp30 serum did not cross react with the BLV proteins gp51, p12, p15(1), p15(2), and p10 but reacted weakly with the p24 polypeptide. 125I-labelled gp30 (chloramine-T) was precipitated with the serum of BLV-infected cattle. Nonlabelled preparation of gp30 competitively inhibited the reaction of 125I-labelled gp30 with the natural antibodies. We investigated 193 cattle sera by liquid phase radioimmunoassays (RIA) using 125I-gp30, gp51 and p24 antigens. Sixteen noninfected cattle sera were negative in all tests. The 177 serum samples of BLV-infected animals were examined to the diagnostic value of the three tests. Of these, 175 were positive in gp51 RIA, 172 in p24 RIA and 164 in gp30 RIA. In all three tests, 159 sera were positive while 18 sera, mostly coming from animals with normal leukocyte counts, were positive only either with gp51 or p24, or were double positive with either gp51/p24 or gp51/gp30. We conclude that the gp51 RIA is superior to both the gp30 and the p24 RIA and that the gp30 RIA will be useful for investigating the role of gp30 in virus pathogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of efficacy and tolerability of terfenadine administered once daily versus twice daily in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria.

The objective of this double-blind study, which is part of a multicenter study, was to determine whether terfenadine (120 mg once daily) has similar efficacy and tolerability to the standard dosage of 60 mg twice daily in the treatment of chronic urticaria. Forty-one patients were randomly allocated to two parallel groups and treated for 2 weeks with either regimen. Evaluation of efficacy was based on rating scales for investigator and patient. Primary endpoints were itch, number of wheals, wheal size, and the overall rating of efficacy. A similar improvement was seen in all variables. There were no statistically significant differences between groups. Both treatments were well tolerated.

Benzhydryl Compounds↗
PubMed1988

Somatoform disorder in a psychiatric setting. Systematic comparisons with depression and anxiety disorders.

Somatoform disorder (SD) is recognized as an important clinical entity in general medicine although its psychiatric nature is insufficiently appreciated. Its prevalence and descriptive validity among psychiatric patients have not been investigated. These two aspects of SD are examined by comparing it with depressive and anxiety disorders, both of which include somatic symptoms and often are confounded with it. A semistructured evaluation procedure applied in a naturalistic clinical setting yielded a diagnosis and ratings of a large array of symptoms. The relative rarity of SD stands out, as well as the unique way in which it tends to be used in diagnostic formulations of psychiatric patients seeking evaluation and care. These results may reflect these patients' reluctance to seek psychiatric care and to define their problems as mental, as well as the bias of clinicians working in psychiatric settings geared to looking for traditional psychopathology. The distinguishing symptoms of SD vis-à-vis depressive and anxiety syndromes are outlined. These symptoms suggest that SD patients resemble depressives, but harbor traits that reflect personality and interpersonal difficulties. However, rater bias may have influenced these results as well.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Chemical-enzymatic synthesis, cloning and expression of a synthetic gene coding for an env protein fragment of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1.

A synthetic gene for a 88 amino acid long env protein fragment of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV1) has been assembled by ligation of 35 oligodesoxyribonucleotides, which were chemically synthesized by the phosphotriester segmental support method. After cloning into the pEX vector this HTLV1 env-protein fragment was expressed in E. coli.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1986

[Jadassohn type anetoderma--case report].

A 19-year-old patient suffering from Jadassohn's anetoderma with progressive dermatrophia showed positive reaction to treatment with chloroquin diphosphate.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗