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Biomedical subjects

R Uauy

Publications and source records attributed to R Uauy.

144 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Treatment of severe apnea in prematures with orally administered theophylline.

Twelve premature infants with primary apnea were treated with theophylline as an alternative to mechanical ventilation. There was a significant (P smaller than .005) reduction in the mean daily number and the severity of apneic episodes after treatment. The only significant side effect noted was a rise in heart rate.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of dietary nucleotides on the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane lipids in term infants.

Human milk contains relatively high amounts of acid-soluble nucleotides, mainly CMP, AMP, UMP, IMP, and UDP sugars, and lacks orotate. On the contrary, cow's milk and adapted formulas contain high amounts of orotate and very low amounts of CMP and AMP. Nucleotides may be modulators of metabolic functions in gut and liver. To evaluate the possible role of dietary nucleotides in newborn fatty acid metabolism, we studied the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in 58 term infants at 30 days of age. Twenty of them were fed human milk (HM), 19 an adapted formula (MF), and 19 with the same formula supplemented with nucleotides (NMF) in an amount similar to that present in HM. Relative content of omega 6 and 3 PUFA greater than 18 carbon atoms was significantly reduced especially in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine for infants fed regular MF compared with those fed HM or NMF. Unsaturation index of red blood cell phospholipids showed a similar effect. These results suggest that dietary nucleotides play a role in the in vivo desaturation and elongation of essential fatty acids to long chain PUFA during early life for the human newborn.

Erythrocyte Membrane↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in the fatty acids pattern of red blood cell phospholipids induced by type of milk, dietary nucleotide supplementation, and postnatal age in preterm infants.

The fatty acid profile of red blood cell phospholipids and the total phospholipid and cholesterol contents of erythrocyte membrane in preterm infants in the first month of life were studied. Influences of human milk and adapted formula and dietary nucleotides supplementation at a level similar to that found in human milk were evaluated. Nineteen preterm newborn infants with adequate weight for gestational age were fed their own mother's preterm human milk, 18 with a standard milk formula and 18 with the same formula supplemented with nucleotides. Blood samples were obtained at birth from cord blood, and at 30 days of age. At 1 month of life, linoleic acid rose in formula fed infants compared to those fed human milk (p less than 0.05) and relative amounts of 20:3w6, 20:4w6, 22:4w6, 22:5w6, and total polyunsaturates of the w6 series greater than 18 carbon atoms were significantly decreased in standard milk formula fed infants (p less than 0.05-0.01). No significant differences for these fatty acids were found between human milk and nucleotide milk formula infants. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6w3) decreased from birth to 1 month of age in formula fed infants (p less than 0.01) but not in human milk fed infants. Infants fed nucleotide milk formula showed intermediate values for 20:3w6 and 20:4w6 (p less than 0.1) between infants fed human milk and those fed standard milk formula.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast-feeding and optimal visual development.

The goal of the present study was to determine whether dietary supply of omega-3 essential fatty acid (EFA) influences visual development in healthy pre-term and full-term infants. Visual status was examined in human milk-fed infants (ample dietary omega-3 EFA supply) and corn oil-based formula-fed infants (no dietary omega-3 EFA; standard formula prior to 1987). At 57 weeks postconception (4 months adjusted age), both pre-term and full-term human milk-fed infants had significantly better visual evoked potential (VEP) and forced-choice preferential-looking (FPL) acuity than formula-fed infants. Acuity was correlated with a dietary omega-3 sufficiency index from red blood cell membranes obtained at 57 weeks postconception. At 36 months, full-term human milk-fed children had significantly better random dot stereo acuity and letter matching ability than formula-fed children. Stereo acuity and performance on the letter matching test were correlated with a dietary omega-3 sufficiency index from red blood cell membranes obtained at 4 months. These results suggest that dietary omega-3 fatty acids play an important role in visual development.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Formulation, fabrication, and evaluation of a cow's milk formula to Complementary Feeding National Program in Chile].

The complementary feeding national programme (PNAC) delivers 2 kg-month of dried full-fat cow's milk (LP) to 0-1 year old infants. The purpose of this work was to design, produce and evaluate nutrient stability and shelf life of a modified LP milk formula (LPM), which seems nutritionally more adequate for infants and is of similar cost than LP, to be included into the PNAC. LPM has the following attributes: P% 12.0 (LP 21.8%): casein/whey proteins ratio: 40 to 50/60 to 50 (LP 80/20); more digestible fats; essential fatty acids: > or = 4% of total calories; vitamins and minerals which cover 100% daily requirements for 0 to 6 months old infants; protein and energy can be modulated between 1.5 and 2.25 g/100 ml and 50-75 kcal/100 ml respectively. Forty tons of LPM were produced in accordance with our specifications for a field study. Quality controls on the product showed the production feasibility of such a formula at a lower price than LP. To determine shelf life, periodical analysis of peroxides, available lysine, ascorbic acid and linoleic acid were carried out in LPM stored for 1 year at 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C. It was found that LPM has an optimum shelf life of 7 months when packed in the same material that is now being in use for LP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗