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Biomedical subjects

R Tyler

Publications and source records attributed to R Tyler.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

An in vitro study of the antiviral properties of an alginate impression material impregnated with disinfectant.

The antiviral properties of a new alginate impression material impregnated with a disinfectant (didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride) were evaluated in vitro against herpes simplex virus type I and poliovirus type I. The material was exposed to the virus suspension for periods of up to 60 min. The impregnated alginate material showed no clinically acceptable effect against either virus, although log reductions of 1.0 and 1.7 plaque-forming units of herpes virus were obtained after exposure to the material containing the disinfectant for 5 and 60 min, respectively.

Alginates↗
PubMed1989

Quality assurance in ambulatory care.

Recent cost containment measures have shifted federal and non-federal health care to the ambulatory care setting. This shift of care has increased the need for adequate ambulatory care quality assurance, especially in institutions whose beneficiaries have little or no choice of where they receive their health care. Based on a review of the literature and workshop discussions at the Conference on Ambulatory Care and Education, the needs of ambulatory care quality assurance were divided into four categories: (1) administrative procedures; (2) internal and external quality assessment; (3) data management; and (4) research and education. Following a brief overview of these four areas, potential mechanisms for integrating ambulatory care quality assurance into the ongoing education of faculty, residents, and medical students are presented. The paper concludes by identifying needed areas of research and listing recommendations for integrating ambulatory care quality assurance into medical education.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1987

Multiple myeloma in a horse.

Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in a horse on the basis of clinical signs, protein electrophoresis pattern, Bence-Jones proteinuria, and radiographic changes in bone. The horse had mild depression, weight loss, edema of the distal portion of the left hind limb, anemia, hyperproteinemia, and monoclonal gammopathy in the beta 2 region. Radiographically, punctate cortical lysis of bone was seen. Specific treatment for the multiple myeloma was not attempted and the horse was euthanatized.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

A surface test for virucidal activity of disinfectants: preliminary study with herpes virus.

A test was developed to assess the surface activity of disinfectants against dried viral preparations. In this preliminary study a variety of disinfectants was tested against herpes virus. The results showed that 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde and 70% ethanol or isopropanol were effective in 1 min. Hypochlorite solutions (2500 ppm av. Cl2) were effective in 5 min, but povidone-iodine (10%) was slower in action and a clear soluble phenol showed uncertain activity at 5 and 10 min. High concentrations of alcohols (above 95%), two quaternary ammonium compounds and 0.5% aqueous chlorhexidine showed little activity in 10 min.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1986

Post-weaning coccidiosis in beef calves in the dry tropics: experimental control with continuous monensin supplementation via intra-ruminal devices and concurrent epidemiological observations.

Post-weaning Eimeria zuernii coccidiosis in beef calves was treated prophylactically with monensin from intra-ruminal continuous release devices. The evaluation of four treatments during three consecutive years also allowed observations on the epidemiology of this disease to be made. Monensin was an effective prophylactic and the intra-ruminal devices were a convenient method of continuous administration over a one to two month period. The three years of the trial included two characteristically very dry and one unusually wet weaning period. Coccidiosis was more severe in the dry years suggesting that oocyst challenge was less important than the immunodepressive effect of weaning and dietary stress in precipitating disease. Severe disease also occurred in calves subsequent to elimination of oocyst shedding by monensin during the initial treatment trial. The occurrence of disease in conditions inimical to oocyst survival and development and after treatment suggested a role for arrested endogenous stages.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma and small-cell malignant lymphoma of the skin. A discriminant immunohistochemical comparison.

In selected instances, primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma (PCNEC) and small-cell malignant lymphoma (SCML) of the skin may display similar clinical presentations and microscopic appearances, leading to diagnostic uncertainty. We applied monoclonal antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), Ia antigen, and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) to 31 cases of PCNEC and 12 of small-cell lymphoma cutis, using a combined PAP and ABC procedure, to determine whether or not such stains were capable of separating the two neoplasms. All cases of SCML were reactive for LCA, while this determinants was not seen in any example of PCNEC. Anti-Ia antigen labelled 11 of 12 cases of SCML, and also failed to stain neuroendocrine carcinomas. Lastly, EMA was observed in 25 of 31 cases of PCNEC, but it was found in one lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma as well. Bayes' univariate statistical analysis of these data indicates that anti-LCA, anti-EMA, and anti-Ia antigen are capable of discriminating between the tumors in question, with anti-LCA being the most effective.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Clinical, biochemical, acid-base, and electrolyte abnormalities in cats after hypertonic sodium phosphate enema administration.

Ten clinically healthy cats were allotted into 2 groups. Group A was given the low (60 ml), and group B was given the high (120 ml) recommended dose of a commercial hypertonic sodium phosphate enema. Enema retention was enforced. All cats developed clinical and/or laboratory abnormalities, with group B cats being more severely affected. Clinical signs that occurred rapidly included depression, ataxia, vomition, bloody diarrhea, mucous membrane pallor, and stupor; tetany was not seen. One cat in group B died. Laboratory abnormalities included hypernatremia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, calculated hyperosmolality, and metabolic acidosis with high anion gap probably due to hyperlacticacidemia. There were no significant gross or microscopic lesions associated with enema administration. Therefore, the use of hypertonic sodium phosphate enema at recommended doses is potentially dangerous to cats.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1982

Bruising and muscle pH in zebu crossbred and British breed cattle.

Five trials in Queensland compared the bruising of 302 zebu (Bos indicus) crossbred and 254 British breed (B taurus) steers. The pH of the Longissimus dorsi muscle 24 hours post mortem was measured in three of the trials. Breed groups were transported separately to the abattoir in the first four trials and travelled as mixed breed groups in the fifth one. Differences in bruising between breed types were not significant in any trial. Zebu crossbred animals had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower muscle pH values in trials 1 and 3, whereas the difference was not significant in trial 5. There were also fewer dark cutters among the zebu crossbred animals in trials 1, 3 and 5.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Wound healing and collagen formation. VI. The origin of the wound fibroblast studied in parabiosis.

Healing skin wounds were studied in a series of parabiotic rats. The femurs of one parabiont of each pair were shielded whilst both animals were given 800 r from a Co(60) source. The animals were wounded 3 days after irradiation. Each animal with partially shielded marrow was then given tritiated thymidine intraperitoneally daily while the cross-circulation was arrested by clamping. After the thymidine-(3)H had cleared the blood, the clamp was released. Animals were sacrificed, and wounds were prepared for radioautography 1, 2, and 6 days after wounding. In the wounds of the shielded animals thymidine-(3)H was observed in epidermis, endothelium, leukocytes, fibroblasts, and mast cells. Only neutrophilic leukocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes were labeled, as determined by light and electron microscope radioautography, in the wounds of each nonshielded parabiont. None of the many fibroblasts present were found to contain label in the wounds of the nonshielded parabionts through the 6 day period. These observations provide further evidence that wound fibroblasts do not arise from hematogenous precursors and, therefore, must arise from adjacent connective tissue cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of infants born to cocaine-abusing women: biologic/maternal influences.

This study investigated the influence of gestational age, birthweight, caregiving, and maternal personality characteristics on the development of 51 six-month-old infants born to and being reared by cocaine-abusing mothers. Two self-report measures were administered to the pregnant women at intake: the ASI (quantifying drug use) and the MCMI (describing DSM-III Axis II personality characteristics and Axis I clinical syndromes). Infants' biologic vulnerability was assessed by gestational age and birthweight. Caregiving was assessed 6 months later in the home, using the HOME Inventory and maternal caregiving behavior rating scales. Infant development was assessed in the laboratory at 6 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Higher Bayley scores were associated with heavier birthweight and increased maternal sensitivity. Furthermore, mothers of infants with shorter gestations were found to be more sensitive caregivers, whereas mothers who reported more histrionic-gregarious, narcissistic, borderline-cycloid, and/or paranoid personality characteristics during pregnancy were less sensitive caregivers. Surprisingly, mothers who reported more depressive symptoms during pregnancy provided more sensitive care.

Adult↗