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Biomedical subjects

R Turner

Publications and source records attributed to R Turner.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Immunoglobulin G complex interactions with rheumatoid factor and neutrophils: 51CrCl3 labelling and 14CO2 hexose monophosphate shunt studies.

The interactions of soluble and insoluble IgG complexes with macromolecular rheumatoid factor (RF) and neutrophils have been examined in an in vitro system allowing the separate assay of the biologic activities of these elements in the rheumatoid inflammatory process. Studies utilizing soluble and insoluble 51CrCl3 labelled human IgG complexes have demonstrated uptake of only the insoluble complexes by human neutrophils. A burst of hexose monophosphate shunt activity, as evidenced by increased oxidation of glucose-l-14C to 14CO2, has been shown to occur only when neutrophils are exposed to these insoluble complexes. High titer RF sera added to the insoluble complexes prior to their incubation with neutrophils did not affect either the uptake of the complexes or the magnitude of hexose monophosphate shunt activity. Native IgG and soluble IgG complexes were not taken up by the neutrophils and did not stimulate hexose monophosphate shunt activity in the presence or absence of rheumatoid sera. The addition of high titer RF sera to soluble IgG complexes produced precipitation of RF-IgG complexes which were capable of stimulating hexose monophosphate shunt activity in normal neutrophils. RF thus has been shown to change functionally inactive soluble complexes into functionally active insoluble complexes capable of stimulating normal neutrophils. Neutrophil stimulation by insoluble complexes may be important in the continuing inflammatory process occurring in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1976

The esophagus in collagen disease. Radiologic findings.

A prospective cineradiographic and manometric study of pharyngeal and esophageal dysfunction was performed in 54 patients with rigidly defined scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. Cineradiography was inaccurate in pharyngeal dysfunctions specific for polymyositis. Manometry was an accurate but insensitive test. Manometry was also significantly more accurate than cineradiography in identifying patients with smooth muscle dysfunction (scleroderma). Cineradiographic finding of absent esophageal peristalsis accurately identified patients with scleroderma but it identified only a small percentage (33 percent). Cineradiography finding of diminished esophageal peristalsis was found in scleroderma (23 percent), polymyositis, (30 percent), and SLE (11 percent) and has been reported in rheumatoid arthritis. This finding is a non specific finding suggestive of collagen vascular disease rather than specific for scleroderms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Alpha-globulins in the surveillance of colorectal cancer.

The alpha1 and alpha2-globulins have been studied at various stages in the evolution of colo-rectal cancer. The alph2 was elevated in some primary tumours and rose in metastatic cancer especially when it involved the liver. Some apparently tumour free patients had an unexplained elevation of alph2-globulins. The macroglobulins were not a major constituent of the raised alpha2-globulins. Haptoglobulin levels were found to be a useful indicator of tumour activity, when their level was raised in metastatic cancer it was usually with an antecedent or coincidental rise of plasma CEA. Primary tumours may cause a high haptoglobin response without an elevation of CEA.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1976

Neutrophil and rheumatoid factor-Immunoglobulin G insoluble complex interactions: phagocytosis and sequelae.

Studies utilizing 51CrCl3 labelled human immunoglobulin G have demonstrated a quantitative, time-related increase in the uptake of insoluble rheumatoid factor-immunoglobulin G complexes by human neutrophils. A burst of hexose monophosphate shunt activity occurs when these complexes are phagocytized by neutrophils as evidenced by the increased oxidation of glucose-l-14C to 14CO2. Metabolic and electron micrographic studies suggest that a heat stable serum factor is needed for maximum complex uptake and shunt activity. Phagocytosis of complexes did not affect the adherence of neutrophils to nylon fiber columns, but did not produce selective release of lysosomal enzymes. This study has delineated in an in vitro system, functional and metabolic sequelae of neutrophil phagocytosis of insoluble rheumatoid factor-immunoglobulin G complexes, which may be important components of the inflammation occurring in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Glucuronidase↗
PubMed1975

Equilibrium of Bowman-Birk inhibitor association with trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin.

Association constants, enthalpies, and stoichiometries of Bowman-Birk soybean inhibitor for trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin were measured in the pH range 4-8 at 25 degrees, 0.01 M Ca2+. The results are quoted in terms of moles of protease active sites, from active site titration. Enthalpies were obtained from calorimetry. The inhibitor was modified by carboxyl group modification, and by tryptic and chymotryptic attack. Association thermodynamics and stoichiometries of the modified inhibitors with both proteases were also determined. There is one independent site for each protease on the inhibitor protein. Modification decreases association to some extent, but does not appear to change stoichiometry or protease binding site independency. In the pH 4 region the association enthalpies are endothermic, of the order 6 kcal/mol for both trypsin and chymotrypsin. With increasing pH, the enthalpies decrease and become exothermic at pH 8 for chymotrypsin. Positive entropies, 50 cal mol-1 deg-1, occur at pH 4-5. They decrease as pH increases, but are always positive in sign. The observed to accompany the overall reaction, such as H+ transfer steps. The enthalpies and entropies probably compensate over the pH range 4-8, with a characteristic temperature of 390 plus or minus 30 degrees K. Estimates were made of the macromolecular Coulomb charge products in inhibitor-protease interaction. These range from about +5 to -60, over pH range 4-8, depending on the protease. Although intermolecular Coulombic forces cannot be easily delineated at the specific side chain level, they may operate at the macromolecule level.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The contribution of serum enzymes and carcinoembryonic antigen to the early diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer.

The evolution of metastatic colorectal cancer in patients who have had surgical treatment for a primary lesion was studied in relation the progressive changes in the blood levels of carcinembryonic antigen (CEA), to gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and routine liver function tests (LFTs). Involvement of the liver could ofter be reliably predicted many weeks in advance of clinical diagnosis while metastases to other sites were less likely to be detected early by this test. The association of the extent of disease with the patterns of biochemical changes is discussed with reference to several illustrative examples.

Aged↗
PubMed1974

Blood muramidase activity in colorectal cancer.

The serum muramidase levels were measured in 128 patients with primary or metastatic colorectal cancer, 166 tumour-free patients after resection of a colorectal cancer, and 172 controls. Muramidase levels over 10 mug/ml were detected in 30%-39% of the tumour-bearing patients, in 8.2% of the tumour free, and in only 1.7% of the controls (normal level 6.68 +/- 1.42 mug/ml). Long-term follow up indicated that raised levels may occur as a transient phenomenon in recurrent or metastatic disease. The likely relation of abnormal serum muramidase activity and stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗