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Biomedical subjects

R Tunell

Publications and source records attributed to R Tunell.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Providing warmth for preterm babies by a heated, water filled mattress.

Seventeen healthy preterm babies had extra warmth provided in their cots by thermocontrolled, heated, water filled mattresses. As controls 17 babies of the same weight were nursed in air heated incubators. Both groups were studied for three weeks. No differences were found in minimal oxygen consumption (measured by indirect calorimetry), rectal and mean skin temperatures, or in daily weight gain. The babies were kept just as warm on the heated, water filled mattresses as in air heated incubators but the mattresses had the advantage of giving the mothers easy access to their babies.

Beds↗
PubMed1989

Rewarming preterm infants on a heated, water filled mattress.

Sixty low birthweight infants (1000-2000 g) admitted to a neonatal care unit in Turkey were studied. Those not requiring intensive care were randomly assigned for treatment either in a cot on a heated, water filled mattress kept at 37 degrees C (n = 28) or in air heated incubators with a mean air temperature of 35 degrees C (n = 32). On admission 53 (88.3%) of the infants had body temperatures between 30 degrees and 36 degrees C. There was good correlation between axillary and rectal temperatures in the infants while they were hypothermic. Normal temperatures were achieved within the first day and remained within this range during the subsequent days after admission in all the infants treated on the heated, water filled mattress, whereas they were not achieved until three days later in the incubator group. The neonatal mortality among those treated on the heated, water filled mattress was 21%, and among those treated in the incubator 34%. The heated, water filled mattress provides a good alternative to skin to skin contact with the mother, and to the use of a complex and expensive incubator for rapidly attaining and maintaining normal temperatures in the low birthweight newborn.

Beds↗
PubMed1988

Children of mentally ill mothers: mortality and utilization of paediatric health services.

A two-year cohort of children of parapartum mentally ill mothers, born in Stockholm during the mid-1970s, was studied with regard to mortality, hospitalization rate and Well Baby Clinic (WBC) care consumption during the pre-school-age period. The findings were compared with those of matched controls. The index children-especially those of addicts and neurotic or temporarily insufficient mothers-had a higher admission rate and had spent more days in hospital than the controls. The index children tended to have a higher mortality rate than the controls. No significant difference was found in the WBC attendance rates of the index children and the controls. Socially disadvantaged families tended, however, to pay more visits to the WBC than those who were better off. Home visits by the WBC nurse were made more frequently to the index families than to the controls. Failure to appear for regular health checks of the child correlated better with social dysfunction than with mental illness per se in the mother. An adverse social environment, including addiction, seemed to be a separate factor of significant importance, apart from mental illness per se in the mothers, for the morbidity of the children.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1985

An evaluation of the efficiency of face masks in the resuscitation of newborn infants.

Five widely used neonatal face masks were tested on 44 babies for their efficiency in terms of degree of leakage and ease of cleaning. Leakage was measured indirectly. The mean peak pressure of ten breaths when babies were ventilated from a respirator via a mask was recorded; a low pressure was taken to indicate leakage. A triangular moulded rubber mask ('Rendell-Baker') leaked most and a circular silicone rubber mask ('Laerdal') leaked least. The ease of cleaning the masks was measured as the amount of bacteria removed from contaminated masks by wiping them with 70% ethanol. The Laerdal mask was significantly more effectively cleaned than the others. It is also the only one of the masks tested that can be boiled and autoclaved.

Hospitals↗
PubMed1985

Influence of chlorhexidine in ethanol and in isopropanol on the bacterial colonization of the umbilicus of newborns.

The effect of daily treatment with 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol and in 70% isopropanol, respectively, on navel colonization and on rates of infection in newborns has been studied in 438 infants in two maternity wards during a 3-month period. In spite of isopropanol being reported as a more efficient skin disinfectant than ethanol in several experimental models, no significant differences were seen in the frequency of navel colonization or in infection rates between the two treatment groups. The colonization rate with S. aureus was lower in this than in an earlier investigation on navel disinfection with chlorhexidine in ethanol performed in the same wards. This may reflect a progressive effectiveness of the treatment due to fewer S. aureus sources in the nursery. For practical reasons we continue to recommend daily navel disinfection with 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol on healthy newborns in hospital nurseries.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed1985

Prospective study of children exposed to variable amounts of alcohol in utero.

Forty children exposed to variable amounts of alcohol in utero and 40 control children were studied. All mothers had been enrolled in an antenatal programme aiming to identify and reduce alcohol use and abuse during pregnancy. Follow up was at the median age of 22 (18 to 27) months. A significant reduction in intrauterine growth was seen in children born to alcoholic mothers. Three of six children continuously exposed to high amounts of alcohol throughout fetal life showed growth retardation and physical abnormalities characteristic of fetal alcohol exposure, while infants whose mothers had stopped drinking did not suffer these effects. Psychological or behavioural disturbances were found in all but one of 13 children born to alcoholic mothers. The home environment during the first two years did not compensate for the effects of fetal alcohol exposure. Mothers classified as excessive drinkers but not abusers all reduced their alcohol consumption after the first trimester. Their children did not differ from controls with regard to physical development or behaviour but many were retarded in speech and, in addition had a more unstable family background.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Influence of ethanol with and without chlorhexidine on the bacterial colonization of the umbilicus of newborn infants.

The effect of daily treatments with 70% ethanol and with 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol, respectively, on navel colonization in newborns has been studied in 624 infants in two maternity wards during a four-month period. Staphylococcus aureus, group B and G streptococci, E. coli and anaerobes were significantly less often isolated from newborns whose umbilical cord was treated with chlorhexidine in ethanol than from those treated with ethanol only. Staphylococcus epidermidis and enterococci, on the other hand, were significantly more often isolated from the chlorhexidine-ethanol than from the ethanol group. More infants without colonization of the umbilicus on their fourth day of life were found in the chlorhexidine in ethanol than in the ethanol group. The infants in the ethanol group were colonized with significantly more bacterial species than the infants in the other group. Signs of dissemination of group B and group G streptococci between babies were seen more often in the group of infants treated with ethanol than in the one treated with chlorhexidine-ethanol.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1981

Ethosuximide in human milk and in plasma of a mother and her nursed infant.

1 The concentrations of ethosuximide were measured in the milk and in the plasma of a nursing mother and her infant during a period of 4.5 months after delivery. 2 The maternal and the infant's plasma concentrations rose after delivery. 3 The milk concentration ethosuximide was similar to that in maternal plasma on the third day after delivery. During the following 2 months the average milk/maternal plasma concentration ratio was 0.80. The rise in ethosuximide concentration in milk during the first month was steeper than that in infant's plasma, which may be due to an increase in the infant's clearance of the drug. 4 Even if the infant has subtherapeutic plasma concentrations it is recommended to control the levels in infants that are nursed by ethosuximide-treated mothers when nursing has been established.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Plasma concentration-effect relationship of theophylline in treatment of apnea in preterm infants.

The relation between plasma concentration of theophylline and number of apnea preterm infants was studied in six patients. The apnea frequency was monitored after cessation of theophylline treatment and plotted against the log plasma concentration of theophylline. It was calculated that at an average plasma concentration of 40 mumol/l (7.25 micrograms/ml) the preterm infants had two or less apnea per 12 h. On the basis of our results we suggest that 40 mumol/l is the minimum plasma concentration of theophylline for optimal effect on apnea in preterm infants.

Apnea↗