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Biomedical subjects

R Treiman

Publications and source records attributed to R Treiman.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Common phoneme and overall similarity relations among spoken syllables: their use by children and adults.

This paper contrasts two kinds of relations among spoken syllables. One relation is based on a single common phoneme; the second is based on overall similarity of whole syllables. On the basis of recent studies with multidimensional visual stimuli, we hypothesized that preliterate children respond primarily to overall similarity relations among syllables, whereas literate adults respond primarily to common phoneme relations. These hypotheses were tested in two experiments using spoken syllables. Experiment 1 investigated the classification of syllables by preliterate children (mean age: 4 years 4 months) and college students. Experiment 2 studied the memory confusions among syllables by children (mean age: 4 years 8 months) and college students. The results of both experiments suggest that overall similarity relations are primary for preliterate children, while common phoneme relations are primary for adults. Moreover, children's limited use of common phoneme relations is not confined to tasks that require explicit judgments about language. Implications for the learning of reading are discussed.

Child Language↗
PubMed1980

Hemobilia: endoscopic diagnosis and association with pancreatitis.

Hemorrhage into the biliary tract, known as hemobilia, is discussed almost exclusively in the surgical literature. Internists should also be aware of this entity. Two cases of hemobilia from hepatic artery aneurysm that ruptured into the biliary tract are presented. Both patients developed pancreatitis in addition to the classic symptom triad of melena, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice. In one paitent, hemobilia was established by endoscopy. The authors adivse endoscopy workup of such patients and emphasize that pancreatitis, secondary to pancreatic duct obstruction, may be more common with hemobilia than has been reported.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Syllabification of bisyllabic nonwords: evidence from short-term memory errors.

Do errors in short-term memory for spoken stimuli sometimes combine one syllable from one to-be-remembered item with one syllable from another to-be-remembered item? If so, can the errors shed light on how the stimuli are syllabified? We report three experiments in which college students tried to recall five-item lists containing two CVCVC (consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel-consonant) nonwords and three filler digits. When the second vowel of the nonword was stressed, recombination errors tended to blend the initial CV of one nonword with the final CVC of another, especially if the middle consonant was an obstruent. When the first vowel was stressed, the error pattern depended on the type of vowel. CV/CVC recombinations were more common for tense vowels than for lax vowels. In general, CV/CVC recombinations tended to be more frequent relative to CVC/VC recombinations when the middle consonant was an obstruent than when it was a sonorant. The findings are discussed in relation to linguistic theories of syllabification and the results of previous experiments using metalinguistic tasks.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In defense of an onset-rime syllable structure for English.

Many linguists and psycholinguists have suggested that English syllables have an onset-rime structure. Pierrehumbert and Nair (1995) have recently argued against this view and in favor of the idea that syllables have a moraic structure. We show that the results of word game experiments reported by Pierrehumbert and Nair are consistent with the onset-rime theory and that there are problems with their idea of output templates. Although people may learn about the phonological structure of a word game's output when they have a chance to do so, they tend to divide syllables at the boundary between the onset and the rime even when they do not have the opportunity to memorize a model. Moreover, the results of our recent statistical study of the distributions of phonemes in English syllables suggest that the rime is a domain for particularly close dependencies among phonemes. We conclude that Pierrehumbert and Nair's rejection of the onset-rime model was overly hasty and was based on a limited set of data. When a broad range of data is considered, the evidence supports the idea that English syllables have an onset-rime structure.

Humans↗