Endocardial cushion defects: embryology, anatomy, and angiography.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Towbin.
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Ankle effusions may be detected on lateral radiographs by observing a teardrop-shaped density extending anteriorly from the ankle joint along the neck of the talus. The normal and abnormal radiographic appearances of the ankle are discussed and the teardrop sign is identified.
The antrochoanal polyp, a benign solitary polypoid lesion, usually arises in a maxillary sinus, opacifying and enlarging the sinus cavity without bone destruction. It passes through the ostium of the sinus into the choana, and from there into the posterior nasopharynx. The soft tissue mass does not erode or destroy contiguous soft tissue or bony structures. In this sequence of events, its radiologic findings are characteristic. Five case reports are presented, and the differential diagnosis is discussed.
Traumatic proximal femoral epiphysiolysis is a rare event. Early recognition and management are important to minimize sequelae. Evaluation should include plain roentgenograms and arthrography. Treatment should be conservative with open reduction reserved only for severe cases.
Trauma to the lower extremities is the principal cause of gait disturbance in early childhood. Three cases are presented to emphasize the relative frequency of children hospitalized for diagnostic evaluation of altered gait who have occult fractures. The cases may refresh the primary physician of the variables that serve as obstacles to accurate diagnosis.
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Spinal column duplication in association with other vertebral, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tract anomalies is reported in a female infant. An embryologic explanation is postulated, in which the combination of anomalies is attributed to a single embryologic insult occurring the latter half of the third week of gestation.
Preoperative aortograms were reviewed in six children with thoracic myelomeningocele and lumbar kyphosis at an average age of 25 months. In all children, the abdominal aorta bridged the lumbar kyphosis. In four children, the upper renal poles were close to the spine and were at potential risk during kyphectomy. All children had aortic shortening with an increased variability in origin of the major abdominal aortic branches. Abnormal lumbar arteries were noted in four children.