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Biomedical subjects

R Teshima

Publications and source records attributed to R Teshima.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effect of alpha-linolenic acid on the metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and histamine release in RBL-2H3 cells.

We examined the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 (n-3)) pretreatment on the metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and histamine content and release of RBL-2H3 cells. RBL-2H3 cells grew without reduction in number when incubated with subculture media for 3 d and then placed again in serum-free medium with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Cholesterol pullulan (10 micrograms/ml) emulsified alpha-linolenic acid (20 micrograms/ml) was recommended as an additional form serum free medium. We determined the fatty acid composition in all neutral lipids, free fatty acids and all phospholipids in alpha-linolenic acid-treated cells. In all cases the concentration of alpha-linolenic acid and docosahexenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 (n-3)) was increased, while linolenic acid (18:2 (n-6)) was slightly and arachidonic acid (20:4 (n-6)) was markedly decreased. Content of histamine in alpha-linolenic acid-treated cells was remarkably lower than that of untreated cells. Accordingly, net histamine release stimulated by antigen or A23187 was also markedly decreased in the alpha-linolenic acid-treated cells, as was the percent histamine release stimulated by antigen. Results from our in vitro experiment suggest that the anti-allergic effect of alpha-linolenic acid may be caused either by the decrease in histamine content or by inhibition of the release of chemical mediator resulting from changes in the fatty acid composition.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Osseous lesions associated with anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Assessment by magnetic resonance imaging at various periods after injuries.

In 56 patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, we retrospectively examined osseous lesions secondary to the rupture using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Depending on the time from their ligamentous injury to the performance of MRI, the patients were divided into three groups: the acute group (less than 1 month, n = 20), the subacute group (between 1 and 12 months, n = 16), and the chronic group (12 months or more, n = 20). Occult osseous lesions which were not detected by roentgenography were revealed by MRI in 14 patients in the acute group (70.0%), 5 in the subacute group (31.3%), and 1 in the chronic group (5%). The detection rate of osseous lesions by MRI was significantly higher in the acute group than in the other groups (P < 0.001). Osseous lesions were always detected in the same locations of the lateral compartment of the knee joint. When examined by arthroscopy, these lesions were often found to be accompanied by articular cartilage injuries. In the acute group, osseous lesions were visible in the high signal intensity area of T2-weighted images and in the low signal intensity area of proton density images. They were interpreted as representing hemorrhage and edema within the bone marrow. In the subacute and chronic groups, the osseous lesions were smaller, and their signal intensity on T2-weighted images was lower than that in the acute group, probably reflecting the ongoing resorption of the hemorrhage and healing of the lesions. These results suggest that osseous lesions develop following injury to the ACL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Isolation and characterization of a major allergenic component (gp55) of Aspergillus fumigatus.

IgE class antibodies specific for antigens in a water-soluble extract of Aspergillus fumigatus (strain NHL-5759) were analyzed by immunoblotting with sera from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. All the sera tested were reactive with a major 50 to 60 kd protein in the extract. This allergen, designated gp55, was purified by gel filtration and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antigen was found to be present in the water-soluble extract in the form of a complex composed of approximately eight molecules of gp55. The carbohydrate and phosphate content of the purified antigen were 23.1% and 0.46%, respectively. The molar ratio of mannose to galactose residues was 2.76:1, and the protein was glycosylated predominantly with N-linked oligosaccharides. The serologic activity of the gp55 antigen was abolished by treatment with nonspecific protease (Pronase) but not by treatment with sodium metaperiodate or endoglycosidases. Thus the major antigenic site of the glycoprotein is located within its peptide moiety. The antigen itself displayed no chymotryptic or tryptic activity. The amino acid sequence of the 20 N-terminal residues of the antigen (ATPHEPVFFSWDAGAVTSFP) is different from that of any other protein previously reported.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition of in utero galactose-induced cataract development by an aldose reductase inhibitor in rat--electron microscopic study.

The effect of an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) on the development of in utero galactose-induced cataract was evaluated by following the morphological changes as seen by light and transmission electron microscope. Pregnant rats were fed a 30% galactose diet until day 17, 18, 19 or 20 of gestation and then given a galactose diet containing ARI. The lenses of newborn rats when mothers were given an ARI diet after day 17, 18 or 19 of gestation showed no morphological change. On the other hand, in the lenses from newborn rats when mothers were given an ARI diet after day 20 of gestation, 30% of those tested showed small vacuoles limited to the posterior cortex, while 70% showed normal structure. When mothers were given a galactose diet during the entire term of pregnancy all lenses of newborn rats showed extensive vacuole formation. ARI was confirmed to completely inhibit congenital galactose cataracts in rats when it was given to the mother rat after day 19 of gestation (ie, on the last 3 days before delivery).

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1993

Effect of pregnancy on development of galactose-induced cataract in rat.

The effect of pregnancy on the development of galactose-induced cataract was studied in rats. Eight-week-old rats were fed a 50% galactose diet for 4 weeks. The rats were divided into three groups: nonpregnant females, pregnant females, and males. All eyes were examined by slit-lamp biomicroscope at 11 and 12 weeks of age, and the lenses were morphologically examined at 12 weeks. Clinically, the cataract showed a less advanced stage in the eyes of pregnant rats than in the eyes of the other two groups. Morphologically, the lenses of pregnant rats retained their normal structure. However, the lenses of the other two groups showed extensive damage. The plasma galactose levels and galactitol levels in lenses showed no significant difference among the three groups. Pregnancy was proved to inhibit the development of galactose cataract.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cytosolic and intranuclear calcium signals in rat basophilic leukemia cells as revealed by a confocal fluorescence microscope.

A confocal fluorescence microscope with an argon-ion laser (488 nm) and a He-Cd laser (325 nm) was used to study spatial heterogeneity of the calcium signals in rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 cloned cell line (RBL-2H3). After stimulation with antigen (2,4-dinitrophenol-conjugated bovine serum albumin), fluo-3-fluorescence intensities increased in individual RBL-2H3 cells with different lag times. Time-dependent profiles of the fluo-3-fluorescence intensities resembled closely the patterns of the sequential fluorescence-ratio images of fura-2, which were used to measure the intracellular free-calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in individual RBL-2H3 cells using a conventional fluorescence microscope. The present results obtained using the confocal fluorescence microscope showed spatial heterogeneities of fluo-3-fluorescence intensities, suggesting the existence of spatial heterogeneity of [Ca2+]i in RBL-2H3 cells. That is, the results showed that calcium signals first occurred transiently at pseudopodia in RBL-2H3 cells, then the signals transferred to the central parts of the cells. In addition, from the fluorescence images of co-loaded Hoechst 33342 (bisbenzimide H 33342, a DNA-specific probe) which were produced by excitation with a He-Cd laser, it was found that the fluorescence images of the nucleus were quite similar to those of the calcium signals mentioned above. This suggested that the receptor-mediated calcium signals were transferred not only to the cytoplasm but also to the nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of IgE-mediated histamine release by myosin light chain kinase inhibitors.

Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) blocked IgE mediated histamine release from rat basophilic leukemia cell (RBL-2H3) and human basophils dose-dependently. Its IC50 was 20 nM for RBL-2H3 cells and 30 nM for human basophils. There was complete inhibition at the concentration of 1 microM. Wortmannin inhibited partially the A23187 induced histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells (40% inhibition at 1 microM). This inhibition was not accompanied by any significant effect on cytosolic free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i). KT5926, another MLCK inhibitor, inhibited histamine release comparably with wortmannin and blocked to some degree the increase of [Ca2+]i in RBL-2H3 cells. Thus, the phosphorylation of myosin seems to be involved in signal transduction through Fc epsilon RI.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

Radial bone mineral changes in pre- and postmenopausal healthy Japanese women: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

Healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal Japanese women were evaluated by longitudinal and cross-sectional studies to assess changes in radial bone mineral density. A total of 300 healthy Japanese women were enrolled in the cross-sectional study, and 126 of them were chosen for the longitudinal study. In the cross-sectional study significantly lower bone mineral density was found in the women over 50 years old. In the longitudinal study, premenopausal women aged 45-54 years showed rate of change of -0.61%/year at the distal radius and 0.49%/year at the radial shaft. The perimenopausal changes were -1.95 and -0.93%/year and the postmenopausal changes were -1.88 and -1.37%/year at the distal radius and at the radial shaft, respectively, in the women aged 45-54 years. These rates of premenopausal and postmenopausal change were similar to those reported for whites in the United States. The strength of the relationship between the rate of change in radial bone mineral density and the anthropometric values, biochemical data, and menopausal status was evaluated by multiple linear regression analysis. Menopausal status had the greatest influence on the rate of change in radial bone mineral density. It is concluded that menopausal status was the most important variable related to bone loss in our longitudinal study and the rate of bone loss was greatest during the early postmenopausal period in healthy Japanese women.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contamination in the ward environment.

A total of 282 strains of Staphylococcus were isolated from University Hospital ward environment from April 1991 to January 1992 and drug-susceptibility tests were performed. The main isolates were 84 strains of S. epidermidis (30%), 65 strains of S. aureus (23%), and 58 strains of S. haemolyticus (21%). One hundred and thirty-six strains of all staphylococci (48%) and 13 of 65 strains of S. aureus (20%) were methicillin (DMPPC)-resistant. The DMPPC-resistant strains of S. aureus were multiple drug-resistant to three to seven antibiotics; ampicillin. cephaloridine, cephametazole, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and methicillin, while the DMPPC-susceptible strains were resistant to less than two drugs. These results indicate that this routine testing, along with testing of the anterior nares of the medical staff, is necessary to prevent nosocomial transmission.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis].

Rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with generalized, as well as, juxta-articular osteoporosis. To assess the skeletal distribution of bone loss, bone mass was measured in women with rheumatoid arthritis, using single photon absorptiometry and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone loss was more rapid in the distal metaphyseal region of the radius than in the diaphyseal region. Bone loss in the legs was correlated with gait disturbance and bone loss in the third lumbar vertebra was recognized only in the patients treated with corticosteroids for more than 1 year. These results indicate that rheumatoid arthritis was not universally associated with generalized osteoporosis. Patients treated with corticosteroids are likely to be at risk from generalized osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1992

Effects of nonweight bearing on the hip.

To evaluate the effects of nonweight bearing on joints (weight-free range, five to 92 months), bilateral hips of 20 patients with amputated lower limbs or nonunion of the femur were studied clinically and roentgenographically. The nonweight-bearing side showed a roentgenographic narrowing of the joint space of 10% or more as compared with the weight-bearing side in one half of the patients, and marked narrowing of 30% or more was observed in six patients. The degree of narrowing correlated with the degree of osteopenia expressed as a femur score. The joint space narrowing was notable in those who had onset of the nonweight-bearing state at ages younger than 20 years. None of the patients who showed narrowing of the joint space had pain or motor restriction of the hip. These findings suggest that a nonweight-bearing state of normally weight-bearing joints causes deranged homeostasis of articular cartilage, which leads to its thinning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effect of staurosporine on Ca2+ signals in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells.

We examined the effect of staurosporine on cytosolic calcium response in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells using fura-2 as a fluorescent indicator of calcium ion. Staurosporine at a dose of 30 nM inhibited antigen-stimulated Ca2(+)-influx into the cells from the extracellular environment. In contrast, the drug at this concentration inhibited neither the mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores nor inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) formation. At a high concentration (300 nM), however, staurosporine completely inhibited the cytosolic calcium responses as well as IP3 formation. These results indicate that staurosporine, if used at an appropriate concentration, can be used to discriminate Ca2(+)-influx from extracellular environment from mobilization of the ion from intracellular stores. These results also suggest that protein kinases, possibly protein kinase C, are involved in the calcium influx of RBL-2H3 cells from the extracellular environment. Serotonin release was strongly inhibited by the drug at 30 nM staurosporine. Since the inhibition of serotonin release and suppression of cytosolic calcium increase in response to the antigen were in parallel, we concluded that the inhibition of serotonin release from RBL-2H3 cells caused by the drug was elicited by the suppression of Ca2(+)-influx into the cells.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition in rat of development of in utero galactose-induced cataract by an aldose reductase inhibitor--a light microscopic study.

Aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) have been known to be effective in preventing galactose cataract by blocking the polyol pathway. Because the rat congenital galactose cataract is also induced by accumulated polyol, the effect of an ARI in the induction of congenital galactose cataract was investigated. Pregnant rats were placed on a 30% galactose diet. On fetal day 16, 17, 18 or 20, the fetal lenses were examined by light microscope. Lenses from newborn rats with mothers fed galactose diet until gestational day 16, 17, 18 or 20 and then given a galactose diet containing ARI were also examined. The fetal lenses obtained from galactose-fed mother rats on day 16 of gestation were morphologically similar to those of controls. On day 17, the experimental lenses displayed vacuolated areas. The lenses of newborn rats with mothers given an ARI diet after gestational day 16 showed no morphological changes, while a few small vacuoles were observed in the lens of rats with mothers given the ARI diet after day 17, 18 or 20 of gestation. ARI inhibited the rat congenital galactose cataract even when the drug was given to the mother rat during a late stage of pregnancy.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1990

A single cell observation of staurosporine effect on the Ca2+ signals in rat basophilic leukemia cells.

A digital imaging fluorescence microscope was used to study the effect of a protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine on the antigen-dependent calcium signals in an individual rat basophilic leukemia cell (RBL-2H3). Although dose dependency of staurosporine was different from one cell to another, staurosporine inhibited, at low concentration, the calcium influx from the external medium into RBL-2H3 cells. At high concentration, however, it inhibited both the removal of calcium ion from internal stores and the calcium influx from the external medium. These results indicated that staurosporine is necessary for the inhibition of the calcium influx from the external medium and that a protein kinase (possibly protein kinase C) is involved in the calcium influx from the external medium into the cytoplasm.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1990

Fracture incidence and bone mineral density of the distal radius in Japanese children.

The incidence of fractures of the distal radius in Japanese persons under 20 years of age was determined, and the bone mineral density of the radius was measured in 236 healthy Japanese children. The peak incidence of fractures occurred at 13 years of age (807 per 100,000) in boys and at 11 (300 per 100,000) in girls. Bone mineral density increased with age, but the rate of increase was not equal at the metaphysis and the diaphysis in the parapubertal period. The metaphyseal/diaphyseal ratio of bone mineral density was lowest at the age of 12-13 years in boys and 11 years in girls. The age at the peak incidence of fractures thus coincided with the age at which the metaphyseal/diaphyseal density ratio was lowest. Thus, it is suggested that low bone mineral density at the metaphysis may be the cause of the high incidence of these fractures in adolescence.

Adolescent↗