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Biomedical subjects

R Tate

Publications and source records attributed to R Tate.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The Manitoba Project: a re-examination of the link between menopause and depression.

This paper re-examines the association between menopause and depression using data from a study in which 477 women were interviewed 6 times over a 3-year period. Menopause is examined as one of a series of factors which may increase the risk of depression for women in middle age, such as children leaving home, the death and illness of family members, the stresses of daily living, health and the onset of chronic disease. Rather than hormonal changes, it seems to be her health coupled with the shifts and stresses of family life in a woman's menopausal years which may trigger her depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of immunogenicity of two yeast-derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccines.

A comparison was conducted of the immunogenicity of two yeast recombinant vaccines with different doses [10 micrograms Recombivax-HB (Merck Sharpe & Dohme Ltd) vs. 20 micrograms Engerix-B (Smith Kline Biologicals)]. This was conducted as a randomized, blinded study in healthy preclinical medical students, negative for hepatitis B markers. The geometric mean titres (GMT) showed a wide individual variability for both vaccines, and approximately a two- to threefold greater GMT of anti-HBs in recipients of the 20 micrograms vaccine. However, the 95% confidence interval showed an overlap of the means of the GMT for both vaccine groups, and in this study there was no significant difference in immunogenicity of these two vaccines. At 6-7 months after completion of immunization, antibody levels fell to one-third of the levels of one month post-immunization. A case report of an allergic urticarial reaction to one of the recombinant vaccines is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Seroprevalence and demographic characteristics of injection drugs users among individuals at risk for HIV infection in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

From June 1986 to March 1990, a prospective seroprevalence survey and questionnaire of individuals at risk for HIV infection was conducted with volunteers in Winnipeg. Of 610 individuals enrolled, 146 were injected drug users (IDU). Fifteen IDU were in a methadone treatment program and all were seronegative. Three of 131 remaining IDU were HIV-1 seropositive (2.3%), a rate similar to 2.2% positive (20+ of 927) in diagnostic specimens from IDU tested in the province. Demographics and behaviour of 131 IDU were compared with 335 individuals, of whom 112 were gay/bisexual [24 of whom also had sexually transmitted diseases (STD)] and 223 heterosexuals who had STD. Males enrolled were significantly older than females. Multivariate analysis showed that factors independently associated with IDU were: a younger age, less education, mental health counselling, unemployment, and a history of jaundice or hepatitis. Drugs most commonly used were Ritalin/Talwin, cocaine, and heroin. Over 90% of individuals admitted to sharing needles. In spite of the low seroprevalence of HIV-1 infections, these individuals are important for the potential spread of HIV because of multiple means of acquiring and transmitting HIV and a high rate of needle sharing.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Does a small minority of elderly account for a majority of health care expenditures? A sixteen-year perspective.

Canadian and American analysts commonly find that a small proportion of the elderly is responsible for a large share of health care expenditures. Data on a representative cohort in Manitoba indicate that the longer the time frame studied, the less health care usage concentrates in a single small group of elderly people. Over the sixteen-year period treated, the average older person's risks of using hospital and nursing home services is nevertheless notably higher than reported to date; yet, one-half of the elderly make relatively minimal demands on the health care system. The results reinforce calls for targeting the needs of intensive consumers of health care services and highlight the variability of cumulative usage patterns among older Manitobans.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of the careers of graduates of the University of Manitoba's BSc (Medicine) program.

The careers of graduates who had taken the BSc (Medicine) (BScMed) program at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, between 1950 and 1975 were compared with those of matched classmate controls to determine whether the program had any influence on the research careers of the graduates. More BScMed graduates than control subjects chose an academic career (49% v. 21%), achieved specialty certification (83% v. 65%), and obtained grants (51% v. 18%) and personal awards (37% v. 18%). The BScMed graduates also had significantly more publications than the control subjects. Although part of the difference between the two groups may be explained by the tendency of students who were more inclined toward an academic career to enter the BScMed program, it was evident that the program has a substantial effect on promoting the development of clinical investigators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Nosocomial infections on a rehabilitation unit in an acute care hospital.

In a one-year retrospective review, 138 symptomatic infections were identified in 145 admissions to a rehabilitation unit. One hundred twenty-six (91%) infections were either urinary or skin and soft tissue infections. The daily incidence of infection increased with increasing numbers of infections for infected patients. Patient factors associated with infection included male sex, young age, spinal cord injury, admission for management of decubitus ulcers or urinary infection, history of urinary infection, urologic interventions or skin breakdown, and bladder and bowel incontinence. All patients with a history of chronic urinary infection or skin breakdown developed infection. In a logistic regression model, factors that were independently associated with risk of infection in the remaining patients included sex, incontinence, chronic neurologic disease, and prior urologic interventions. This review suggests rehabilitation patients are at high risk of acquiring nosocomial infection. The subgroup of patients with the highest risk of infection are identifiable by specific characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Seroprevalence and demographic information of patients at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Manitoba, Canada.

Two hundred fifty individuals from high risk categories were enrolled in a seroprevalence survey for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in Winnipeg. The overall seroprevalence in the Manitoba AIDS Virus Epidemiology Study (MAVES) was 5.2%. Of 2651 diagnostic and screening specimens in the province of Manitoba submitted over a similar period, 103 were positive (3.9%). HIV seropositivity in Manitoba was noted mainly in homosexual/bisexual males (especially those who were also intravenous drug abusers), hemophiliacs, and individuals from endemic regions of the world. Individuals whose only risk factor was intravenous drug abuse, those with sexually transmitted diseases, or those with high risk sex contacts have not demonstrated HIV seropositivity in Manitoba to date. Manitoba is currently a low seroprevalence region for HIV infection. Our study demonstrated that the awareness level of people at risk for HIV infections was low. In our study population, one-on-one counseling was demonstrated to be an effective way to improve short-term knowledge about HIV infections. Appropriate education approaches must be considered for Native/Metis peoples (26.4% of our MAVES study population), who were younger and had a lower educational and employment level compared to Caucasian/other racial groups.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Defining menopausal status: the impact of longitudinal data.

A population of 324 women who were over 45 and still menstruating were followed for a period of 3 yr. They were interviewed 6 times at 6-mth intervals. This paper presents data on the changes in menstrual status that occurred over the period of the study and relating these changes in menstruation to a woman's age and symptom experience.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Subsensitivity of adenylate cyclase and decreased beta-adrenergic receptor binding after chronic exposure to (minus)-isoproterenol in vitro.

In vitro incubation of frog erythrocytes with (minus)-isoproterenol, 0.1 mM, at 23 degrees for 10 to 24 hours caused a 63% decline (rho less than 0.001) in the maximum (minus)-isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the erythrocyte membranes. Affinity for (minus)-isoproterenol as judged by the concentration which half-maximally stimulated the enzyme was not markedly altered. Basal enzyme activity and stimulation by fluoride or prostaglandin E1 remained unaltered. The number of beta-adrenergic receptor binding sites, assessed by binding studies with the beta-adrenergic antagonist (minus)-[3-H] alprenolol, declined by 50% (rho less than 0.005) in the (minus)-isoproterenol-treated cells. The binding affinity of the sites was not changed. Regulation of the concentration of functionally active beta-adrenergic receptors in membranes may be one of the mechanisms by which chronic exposure to catecholamines desensitizes tissues to beta-adrenergic stimulation.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Residential electric consumption and childhood cancer in Canada (1971-1986)

Concern has focused recently on the association between exposure to magnetic fields emanating from electrical equipment and the development of childhood cancer. An ecological study was undertaken to determine the correlation over time between childhood cancer rates and residential electric consumption (REC) in Canada. Significant increases in REC and in overall childhood cancer rates (0.14 cases/100,000 children.y) and brain cancer (0.05 cases/100,000 children.y) were observed, but a similar increase in leukemia was not observed. The average of the yearly provincial ranking of REC and cancer rates was used to determine whether provinces that have, on the average, higher REC also have higher childhood cancer ranks. Stronger correlations were observed between provincial REC rank and brain cancer and leukemia ranks than with lymphoma and other cancer rankings. These findings are consistent with, but do not prove, a causal association between childhood brain cancer and leukemia and REC.

Adolescent↗