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Biomedical subjects

R Tanaka

Publications and source records attributed to R Tanaka.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[A study of aphasia caused by putaminal hemorrhage].

Aphasia was evaluated in 21 right-handed patients (39-74 years old) with putaminal hemorrhage, and compared with that caused by thalamic hemorrhage. The patients were divided into three groups by the volume of the hematoma: small hematoma (I, n = 6), middle hematoma (II, n = 8) and large hematoma (III, n = 7) groups in computed tomographic findings. Aphasia examination was performed 8-37 days (mean 21 days) after the onset. In group I, aphasia was not seen or just transient, if any. In group II, aphasia was mainly a mixed type, and the prognosis was excellent in many patients. In group III there were expressive type at anterior lesion, receptive type at posterior lesion and global aphasia at anterior-posterior lesion, and the prognosis was not good. It is suggested that the putamen itself does not participate in language behavior, and that aphasia caused by putaminal hemorrhage is due to destruction of the surrounding tissue of the putamen. The type of aphasia and prognosis are varied by the site of a lesion and a hematoma volume. It is also suggested that the thalamus is related to language behavior in a circle of thalamus-cortical language area-thalamus. Aphasia caused by putaminal or thalamic hemorrhage was observed to be different from classical cortical aphasia. But there was no significant difference between aphasia caused by putaminal lesions and that by thalamic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Interaction between neuron and glia in the culture system].

Neuron and glia in culture produce varied trophic factors including extracellular matrix, growth factor cell adhesion factor, and cell growth inhibitory factor, and further secrete them into the culture medium. These factors are classified into two kinds of factors in the view-point of mechanism of action, an autocrine factor with the self-production and -stimulation, and a paracrine factor with the adjacent cell stimulation through the extracellular space but not via the blood stream. In the central nervous system, these trophic factors produced by both neuron and glia are thought to regulate the cell growth and differentiation of those cells by autocrine or paracrine system, and support the function of the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix, accompanied with 5 ileocolonic fistulae].

A primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is a rare lesion, and this paper reports a case of a primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix, but with the inclusion of 5 fistulae. According to the classification by Uihlein & McDonald, this histology is of the colonic type. The first known case accompanied with a fistula was reported by Haldane (1862) in the English-language literature and by Shiraishi et al. (1954) in Japan. Since then, 21 cases have been found in the Japanese literature. The patient underwent an operation and his prognosis has been considered good. A review of some the relevant literature is discussed with regard to the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1989

[Flow cytometric analysis of myeloperoxidase negative acute unclassifiable leukemias by monoclonal antibodies. Acute myelogenous and acute megakaryocytic leukemia].

Pretreatment peripheral and/or bone marrow blasts from 14 patients with acute unclassifiable leukemia (AUL) expressing myeloid related cell-surface antigen (CDII) or megakaryocyte-platelet related cell-surface antigen (OKM6), were isolated for further analysis in this study. Among 11 cases of CD11+AUL, despite a lack of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, one patient's blasts possessed Auer rod in a basophilic cytoplasm and another one's blasts expressed MPO maintaining the same surface phenotype after 20 months of his clinical course. The blast from 2 cases possessed both myelomonocytic and monocyte-specific antigens on the cell-surface, whereas the remaining nine cases completely lacked monocyte-specific antigen which is detectable by monoclonal antibodies, Mo2, My4 and Leu M3 (CD14). In addition, we revealed the presence of MPO protein in the cytoplasm of 3 cases of AUL patients by cytoplasmic immunofluorescence test utilizing monoclonal antibody (MA1). Following these results, the former was diagnosed as acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) and the latter as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) by immunophenotypic analysis using flow cytometry (FACS IV) and cytoplasmic immunofluorescence test. We have also described three cases of acute megakaryocytic leukemia which were demonstrated by the presence of megakaryocyte-platelet-related cell-surface antigens detected by utilizing flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies in addition to both the PPO activity which was shown by ultrastructural cytochemistry, and the emergence of differentiation antigens while culturing these leukemic cells. The blast of 1 case possessed both platelet GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa cell-surface antigens detected by 5F1 (CD36), AN51 (CDw42), and J15, P2 and HPL2 (CDw41), respectively, whereas the remaining two cases almont lacked the GPIb cell-surface antigen. Hence, the former was diagnosed as immature (pro) megakaryocytic leukemia and the latter as acute megakaryoblastic leukemia from the viewpoint of immunophenotypic analysis as will be discussed in this article. These leukemic blasts did not express both T-cell lineage antigens which are detectable by monoclonal antibodies, T6 (CD1), T11 (CD2), T3 (CD3), T4 (CD4), T1 (CD5), Tp40, Leu9 (CD7), T8 (CD8), and B-cell lineage antigens which are detectable by monoclonal antibodies, B4 (CD19), B1 (CD20), B2 (CD21) and J5 (CD10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[The occurrence of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in a parietal lobe ganglioglioma].

A parietal lobe ganglioglioma in a 61-year-old male was investigated ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically, using antiserum against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme of the catecholamine (CA)-synthesizing pathway. On light microscopy, the tumor was composed mainly of neuronal and astrocytic cells. The neuronal cells had typical round vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli and showed abundant cytoplasm with variable amounts of Nissl bodies. Bi-nucleated neuronal cells were occasionally found. The astrocytic cells had eosinophilic cytoplasm of variable shapes and hyperchromatic small nuclei. Electron microscopy revealed numerous dense core vesicles (DCVs) in the neuronal cytoplasm and processes. Immunohistochemically, TH-immunoreactive neuronal cells were found sporadically in the tumor tissue. They were often binucleated or multinucleated. The presence of TH-immunoreactive neuronal cells in the present case is of interest in considering the origin of neuronal cells in ganglioglioma. Some investigators have considered that they may arise from the ectopic autonomic neuronal cell nests in view of the presence of DCVs. However, Gasper et al. have recently demonstrated the presence of TH-immunoreactive neurons in the normal human cerebral cortex. Therefore, it may also be possible to consider that TH-immunoreactive neuronal cells in this tumor originated from a certain dysgenetic focus containing such TH-immunoreactive neurons in the developmental stage.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Liquid embolization for arteriovenous malformation with temporary balloon occlusion of another feeders].

A case of frontal arteriovenous malformation, embolized using a new balloon catheter technique, was reported. During liquid embolization of the main feeder from anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery was temporary occluded with another balloon catheter, to decrease blood flow from branches of middle cerebral artery. About 90% of the AVM could be obliterated by this technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The morphological study of experimental caries produced in rat molars].

Since there is some disagreement over the validity of using the rat for various experiments of relevance to dental caries in the human. The process of carious formation in the lower first and second molars of the rat was observed histologically. 120 new born Wistar rats were divided into two groups, one on a carious diet and the other on a standard diet. Both control and experimental animals were killed at preselected intervals namely 1 week, 4 weeks and 7 weeks after weaning. The maxillary and mandibular tooth bearing segments were removed and fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium. After clinical examination and assessment of the caries status made with the aid of a binocular microscope, the material was sectioned without decalcification and prepared for light, electron, or microradiogram. From the results it was concluded that, 1. The caries process in the rat is extremely rapid much faster than in the human for example complete breakdown of the crown occurs within 28 days of weaning. 2. Frequently destruction of the dentin occurs before mineral loss is detectable in the enamel. 3. Rarely are any of the characteristic features of the early human caries lesion, such as the surface zone, body of the lesion, the dark zone and the translucent zone, to be found. 4. When a surface zone is visible, the dentine is usually in an advanced state of destruction. 5. The histopathology of rat caries does not therefore follow the same pattern as in the human. It is deduced that the reasons for these differences with the human lesion are due to. a) Rat molar enamel is extremely thin being only 100 microns in the thickest part of the fissure enamel whereas it is 2.5mm in the human. b) Rat molar enamel has a lower mineral density than the outer two thirds of human enamel, and is even lower (2.74) than the average value for the inner layer deciduous human enamel. (2.85-2.92) (Weidmann, et al., 1967) c) Rat enamel is extremely porous allowing easy diffusion of fluid and dyes. d) This porosity may be related to incomplete maturation of the enamel when the teeth erupt.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Relationship between an inclination of mandibular plane and a morphology of symphysis].

In order to investigate the relationship between inclination of mandibular plane and morphology of symphysis, 225 adult subjects' cephalograms were measured. Measurements of the mandibular and facial morphology were: SN-MP, gonial angle, SNA, SNB, SNP, ramus angle, SN-GN, L1 to MP, U1 to L1 angle, overbite, and overjet. Measurements of the symphysis were: thickness of symphysis, length of symphysis, height of symphysis, grade of mental protrusion, inclination of symphysis, curve of symphysis, and sectional area of symphysis. From these measurements, the inclination of mandibular plane and morphology of symphysis were compared. Then the following results were found: 1. There is negative correlation between mandibular plane angle (SN-MP angle) and thickness of symphysis at point B. There is more negative correlation between mandibular plane angle and thickness of symphysis at the apex. 2. There are no correlations between mandibular plane angle and thickness of symphysis at the base. 3. There is positive correlation between mandibular plane angle and height of symphysis. There is positive correlation between mandibular plane angle and length of symphysis. 4. There is positive correlation between mandibular plane angle and grade of mental protrusion. 5. There is a slightly positive correlation between mandibular plane angle and inclination of symphysis. There is a slightly positive correlation between mandibular plane angle and curve of symphysis. 6. There are no correlations between mandibular plane angle and sectional area of symphysis (bone volume of symphysis).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Somatosensory evoked potentials over the unaffected hemisphere in patients with unilateral intracerebral hematoma].

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded from the unaffected hemispheres were studied in patients of less than one month after the onset of unilateral intracerebral hematoma. We examined 66 SEPs obtained from 49 patients with putaminal hemorrhage (midline shift 0-15 mm), 38 SEPs from 25 patients with thalamic hemorrhage (midline shift 0-8 mm), and 14 SEPs from 10 patients with subcortical hemorrhage (midline shift 0-12 mm). These examinations were made after electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist by using square waves of 0.2 msec in duration delivered at a rate of 3 Hz. We analyzed the first cortical potential N 20 recorded from the contralateral scalp over the unaffected hemisphere with reference on Fpz. N 20 peak latency was compared with the maximum shift of the midline structure such as in foramen of Monro or third ventricle in computed tomogram. Also with the site of the hematoma and the disturbance of consciousness. N 20 peak latency was not correlated with the degree of the midline shift in all the patients. There was abnormal prolongation of N 20 peak latency in one SEP of one patient, and disappearance of N 20 in two SEPs of two patients with putaminal hemorrhage. Abnormal prolongation of N 20 peak latency was found in 3 SEPs of 3 patients with thalamic hemorrhage. There was no disappearance of N 20 in patients with thalamic hemorrhage. There was no abnormal prolongation or disappearance of N 20 peak latency in patients with subcortical hemorrhage. In two of five patients showing stuporous state, disappearance of N 20 was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Development of passive telemetry system for intracranial pressure measurement with corrector of errors caused by temperature variation].

A new passive telemeter for the intracranial pressure monitoring have been developed. The completely implantable pressure sensor used in this system consists of a crystal, a coil and a ferrite rod attached on a diaphragm. The pressure on the diaphragm alters the volume of air in the receptacle and then the ferrite rod moves in and out of the coil and alters the resonance frequency of the sensor. Although the sensor doesn't have a battery or other energy storer, for example, a capacitor, the resonance frequency can be measured without contact. Therefore, at any time, we can measure the intracranial pressure with this sensor implanted under the scalp beforehand. However, not only pressure but also temperature alters the resonance frequency of the sensor, because the volume of air alters in proportion to temperature. Hence, we have developed a new passive telemetry pressure sensor which contains a passive telemetry temperature sensor. The temperature sensor consists of a coil and a special crystal whose resonance frequency varies with ambient temperature and its resonance frequency can be measured in the same way that we measure the resonance frequency of pressure sensor from outside of the body. With this system, we can measure the intracranial pressure about 60 times per second and the intracranial temperature every 8 seconds. The measured value of the pressure was automatically corrected by analog temperature correcting electric circuits. In animal experiment, the output of this system was similar to one of the catheter-tip type pressure transducer and we could observe the intracranial pressure altered synchronizing with respiration and with heart beat.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical significance of intracranial hemorrhage caused by cerebral arteriovenous malformations: with special reference to intraventricular hemorrhage].

Forty-two cases with intracranial hemorrhage caused by cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM), which was diagnosed by CT scan, were reviewed with regard to the clinical significance of intracranial hemorrhage, especially intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Twenty-one patients were defined as poor risk cases whose level of consciousness at admission was 100 to 300 according to the Japan Coma Scale, whereas the remaining 21 patients were defined as good risk cases. Surgical excision of AVM was undertaken in 35 out of the 42 cases. Urgent surgical removal of intracerebral hematoma and AVM within 24 hours following onset was undertaken in 11 cases. In 14 patients, urgent continuous ventricular drainage was carried out. The effects of the following factors on the level of consciousness at admission, and on the result of AVM treatment were investigated to clarify the clinical significance of intracranial hemorrhage; 1) cast formation of 3rd and/or 4th ventricle, 2) volume of intraventricular hematoma, 3) accompanying intracerebral hematoma and 4) acute hydrocephalus. It was confirmed that all these factors significantly contributed to the development of serious disturbance of consciousness in the acute stage following intracranial hemorrhage. For good risk cases, the rate of patients who showed a good recovery or only moderate disability according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale reached 91%, whereas for poor risk cases, it was only 43%. The presence of large intracerebral hematomas of more than 4 cm in diameter accompanied with IVH was significantly correlated with the result of AVM treatment. The presence or absence of cast formation of 3rd and/or 4th ventricle, volume of intraventricular hematoma and acute hydrocephalus were not significantly related to the result of AVM treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Cerebral glioblastoma with cerebrospinal fluid dissemination: a clinicopathological study of 14 cases examined by complete autopsy.

During the last 17 years, complete autopsies were performed on 51 patients who died of cerebral glioblastoma, and 14 were found to have dissemination by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In these 14 cases of glioma, the extent of intraparenchymal invasion by the primary tumor and the degree of seeding were studied in connection with histological findings and immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as the most reliable marker of astrocytic differentiation. From the findings obtained, the cases were divided into two groups. In one group, consisting of 7 gliomas, autopsy revealed intense seeding, despite only slight invasion by the primary tumor. Among these 7 extensively disseminated gliomas, 4 expressed almost no GFAP, 2 contained only a few GFAP-positive cells, and only 1 displayed an immunohistochemically high degree of astrocytic differentiation. Clinically, 6 of the 7 affected patients developed symptoms attributable to CSF seeding. In the other group consisting of the remaining 7 gliomas, only slight dissemination was seen, despite extensive infiltration of the primary tumor. Each of these 7 gliomas contained many GFAP-positive cells. None of the affected patients developed symptomatic seeding. This study shows the existence of two clinicopathologically distinct groups of disseminated cerebral glioblastomas and suggests that, regardless of morphological features, glioblastomas showing immunohistochemically poor astrocytic differentiation tend to shed tumor cells more vigorously but are less invasive at the primary site than those with many GFAP-positive cells. It is also suggested that, as a consequence, the former glioma type produces symptomatic seeding more frequently than the latter type.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Progressive mental deterioration after radiotherapy in adult patients with brain tumors].

We report a study on changes of mental function in twenty five adult patients with cerebral low-grade gliomas after radiotherapy. None of them had shown mental deterioration before radiotherapy nor tumor recurrence after radiotherapy. Radiation was given at a dose of 48 to 78 Gy (mean: 54.2 Gy). Patients were assigned for mental functional levels according to Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) after radiotherapy. Ten patients (40%) were normal. Seven patients (28%) showed moderate disabilities and 8 (32%) severe disabilities. The median interval time from radiotherapy to the onset of mental deterioration was 2.5 years in the moderate group and 1.6 years in the severe group. CT findings in severe group demonstrated severe brain atrophy and diffuse low density in the white matter after radiotherapy. The risk factors responsible for progressive mental deterioration after radiotherapy may be radiation site and size (whole frontal lobe), total dose (over 60 Gy) and patients age at the time of radiotherapy (over 60 yrs).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Local administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin 2 to patients with malignant brain tumors.

Lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK cells) were induced from lymphocytes from patients with malignant glioma by using interleukin 2 (IL-2), and their killing activity was examined. Their LAK activity against Daudi cells was 66.2 +/- 13.1% and 48.7 +/- 12.7% against self glioma cells, 54.4 +/- 10.1% against K562 cells, 43.1 +/- 7.9% against Raji cells, and 33.5 +/- 16.2% against allogeneic glioma cells. The phenotype of these LAK cells was Leu 1 (++), 2a (+/-), 3a (++), 7 (+), and 11 (++). The phenotype of precursor LAK cells, on the other hand, was Leu 1 (-), 2a (-), 3a (+), 7 (-), and 11 (++). Other activated killer cells, including LAK cells, phytohemagglutinin-activated killer cells, autoactivated killer cells, and their precursor LAK cells, were studied serologically in order to identify their phenotypic characteristics. From these data, the LAK cell populations were considered to be polyclonal. Using these LAK cells plus IL-2, local adoptive immunotherapy was undertaken in 23 patients with recurrent malignant glioma. We injected, that is, autologous LAK cells plus IL-2 directly into the cavities of the brain tumors; 1.2 to 324 x 10(8) LAK cells per ml and 0.8 to 5.4 x 10(3) units of IL-2 were directly injected into the brain tumor by using an Ommaya reservoir. Definite tumor regression, improvement of some clinical symptoms, and continuous remission over 6 mo or more were observed in six, nine, and three patients, respectively. There were no marked side effects, except for slight fever and chill, in eight and three patients, respectively. These results suggested the possibility of induction of a sufficient number of LAK cells from the lymphocytes of the patients with recurrent malignant glioma, indicating that local adoptive immunotherapy by direct injections of LAK cells and IL-2 into the brain tumor will prove to be an effective means of immunotherapy. Additional follow-up of the patients will be required before its therapeutic value can be established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Development of the monosynaptic reflex pathway in the human spinal cord.

Development of the monosynaptic reflex pathway of the spinal cord was investigated in 96 neurologically normal infants with ages ranging from 25 weeks in postconceptional age (PCA) to 24 months after full-term delivery (PDA) by examining H-reflexes from the triceps surae and hypothenar muscles in terms of their incidence, latency and maximal size in reference to the maximal M-wave. The triceps H-reflex was evoked in all cases, and the latency was longest (26 ms) in the youngest case of 25 weeks (PCA). It gradually shortened until full-term gestation, reaching the shortest value of 17 ms (mean). The H-reflex size initially increased until full-term gestation, reaching the maximum value of 70% and then reducing gradually to the plateau level of about 30% at 12 months (PDA). The hypothenar H-reflex could not be elicited until 32 weeks (PCA). The time course of changes in its latency and size was similar to those of the triceps H-reflex, except that it could not be elicited after 12 months (PDA). Thus, the monosynaptic reflex pathway is already functioning at the age of 25 weeks (PCA) in man. The significance of the systematic change in latency and excitability of the H-reflex with age is discussed.

Aging↗