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Biomedical subjects

R Takeda

Publications and source records attributed to R Takeda.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Coronary ectasia in a homozygous patient with familial hypercholesterolemia.

A 23-year-old man with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia was found to have coronary ectasia by coronary angiography. This case showed generalized xanthomatosis and severe hyper low density lipoproteinemia, and his cultured skin fibroblasts showed LDL receptor activities compatible with the receptor-defective homozygous type of familial hypercholesterolemia. Coronary angiography showed fusiform aneurysmal involvements in the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery, and 50% stenosis in the right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery. Thus, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia produces coronary ectasia as well as premature coronary stenosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of homozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia by double-filtration plasmapheresis.

Two homozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia were treated by double-filtration plasmapheresis. The plasma separated by the first filter was subsequently led to the second filter of ethylene vinylalcohol co-polymer hollow fibers, which trap very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) preferentially to other plasma constituents. Serum, VLDL, IDL, LDL cholesterol levels decreased by 55, 68, 59 and 55%, respectively. HDL cholesterol levels decreased by 39%. Immunoglobulins and fibrinogen levels decreased significantly. Cutaneous and tendinous xanthomas became smaller. off

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Causes of death in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.

Five out of 15 homozygotes and 41 out of 527 heterozygotes of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) died during the past 10 years. Sudden death or heart failure was the cause of death in each of the 5 deceased homozygotes. Twenty heterozygotes died of myocardial infarction, 9 of sudden death, and 1 died after AC bypass surgery. Thus, 30 heterozygotes (73.2%) died of coronary heart disease (CHD). The mean age of death was significantly younger in male heterozygotes (54 years) than in the females (68 years). Rate of death from CHD in heterozygotes was 11 times higher than in the general population in Japan. Rate of death from pancreas cancer in FH was significantly higher than in the general population. These results suggest that FH is highly associated with pancreas cancer as well as CHD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of ketoconazole (an imidazole antimycotic agent) and other inhibitors of steroidogenesis on cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions.

The effects of Ketoconazole, an orally active imidazole antimycotic agent, and other known inhibitors of steroidogenesis were examined in the reconstituted steroid monooxygenase system which consists of adrenodoxin, its reductase and purified P450. We found that: Ketoconazole completely inhibits the hydroxylation of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) at the 11 beta and 18-positions; Ketoconazole also inhibits the 18-hydroxylation reaction that converts corticosterone to form 18-hydroxycorticosterone; both Trilostane (4,5-epoxy-17-hydroxy-3-oxoandrostane-2-carbonitrile) and o,p'-DDD do not inhibit either the 11 beta or 18-hydroxylase activities of the reconstituted P450(11 beta) system (NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase activity is also not inhibited by either drug); Ketoconazole inhibits the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone in a dose-dependent fashion, and is a more potent inhibitor than metyrapone (2-methyl-1,2-di-3-pyridyl-1-propanone) in the P450scc-catalyzed reaction system; other inhibitors fail to show any inhibitory effects in this system.

18-Hydroxycorticosterone↗
PubMed1986

Postsynaptic potentials of bulbar respiratory neurons of the turtle.

Membrane potentials of bulbar respiratory neurons of Pseudemys scripta were recorded from unanesthetized, decerebrate animals. Efferent neurograms were recorded from the serratus magnus (inspiratory) and pectoralis (expiratory) nerves. The animals were paralyzed and ventilated by a servo-respirator driven by the pectoralis neurogram to mimic the spontaneous turtle respiratory cycle. Neurons, comparable to mammalian medullary respiratory neurons, were observed, namely: augmenting inspiratory, augmenting expiratory and postinspiratory neurons. In addition, two types of phase-spanning neurons, postinspiratory-expiratory and expiratory-inspiratory, were encountered. The pattern of appearance of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials generally resembled that observed in the cat. The neurons observed correspond to the activity pattern of known respiratory muscles of the turtle. The results suggest that the three phase respiratory cycle of the turtle corresponds to the ternary neural cycle postulated for mammals.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1986

ACTH secretory responsiveness of pituitary adrenotroph cell tumor to adrenocorticotropin-releasing factor in Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome.

ACTH-secretory responsiveness of the adrenotroph cell tumors to the exogenous CRF was evaluated in 4 cases of Cushing's disease and 3 cases of Nelson's syndrome. Significantly exaggerated ACTH release was evoked by the intravenous injection of CRF in all 3 cases of Nelson's syndrome, but in Cushing's disease there seemed to be an individual difference in the sensitivity of the pituitary to CRF, probably depending on the functional activity of hypothalamo-pituitary axis.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1986

Role of bradykinin for orthostatic hypotension in diabetes mellitus.

A possible contribution of circulating kinin for orthostatic hypotension (OH) in diabetic patients was investigated using a sensitive RIA of plasma bradykinin (BK). Thirty six diabetics underwent 10 min of orthostasis, in which 20 patients developed OH. The baseline plasma BK was 15.8 +/- 1.8 pg/ml in diabetics with OH, which increased to 31.0 +/- 5.6 pg/ml (p less than 0.05). The basal plasma BK was 19.4 +/- 4.1 and 17.8 +/- 2.3 pg/ml in normal subjects (n = 10) and in diabetics without OH (n = 16), respectively. These values were not significantly different from the diabetics with OH. In response to standing there were no significant changes in plasma BK in both groups. There was a significant correlation between the absolute increment of plasma BK and the decrement of systolic blood pressure (BP) when all diabetic patients were compared (r = -0.364, p less than 0.05). The baseline PRA and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were similar in normal subjects and diabetics with or without OH. In response to standing there were approximately two-fold increases in PRA and plasma NE. There was no significant correlation between plasma NE increment and the fall in systolic BP. These results suggest that kinins may participate in OH in diabetic patients.

Bradykinin↗
PubMed1986

Effects of converting enzyme inhibition on split renal function in renovascular hypertension.

The effects of captopril on effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were studied using a noninvasive radioisotopic method on individual kidneys in eight patients with renovascular hypertension and 12 patients with essential hypertension with various renin levels. Four patients with renovascular hypertension had unilateral while three had bilateral renal artery stenosis. The effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were determined by using 131I-iodohippurate sodium and 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, respectively. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were significantly reduced in the stenotic kidneys of patients with renovascular hypertension compared with values in nonstenotic kidneys (p less than 0.01). Treatment with captopril, 37.5 to 75 mg/day for 1 to 48 weeks, further reduced the glomerular filtration rate only in stenotic kidneys, and effective renal plasma flow increased in both kidney types. In two of the three renal hypertensive patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis, captopril produced a reversible azotemia that was unrelated to the fall in blood pressure, as evidenced by the lack of azotemia seen after a moderate blood pressure reduction induced by other antihypertensive medications. These results indicate that endogenous angiotensin II is essential in maintaining the glomerular filtration rate in stenotic kidneys and suggest that a reduction in glomerular filtration rate during captopril administration could indicate the presence of renal artery stenosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of 9 alpha-fluorocortisol on the excretion of urinary digoxin-like substance in normotensive men.

In order to investigate the possible role of mineralocorticoid in the regulation of digoxin-like substance (DLS), 9 alpha-fluorocortisol (9-F) was administered to 6 healthy men and urinary excretion of DLS was measured. The administration of 0.6 mg of 9-F caused slight increases in body weight and blood pressure and significant decreases in urinary Na excretion, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone, which indicate the expansion of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by 9-F administration. Urinary excretion of DLS decreased significantly from the baseline level of 43.3 +/- 2.6 (SEM) to 29.8 +/- 5.1 (SEM) ng/day; digoxin equiv. after 9-F. These results suggest that a large dose of mineralocorticoid may suppress DLS despite an increase in the ECF volume.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1986

The correlation between the diameter of biopsied left and right ventricular myocardial cells and hemodynamic parameters in essential hypertension and mitral valve disease.

For the purpose of studying the correlation between the diameter of myocardial cells and hemodynamic parameters in human beings, the left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy was performed in 29 cases. Eleven cases were normotensive patients. The remaining 18 subjects had a history of hypertension for more than 5 years. The mean diameter of the left ventricular myocardial cells was correlated with the systolic aortic pressure (r = 0.51, p less than 0.01) and the systemic vascular resistance index (r = 0.66, p less than 0.01). The same study was done on the right ventricle of 7 controls and 11 patients with mitral valve disease in which chronic right ventricular pressure overload was present. The mean diameter of myocardial cells biopsied from the right ventricle was correlated with the systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (r = 0.61, p less than 0.01) and the pulmonary vascular resistance index (r = 0.72, p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that the diameter of myocardial cells in both the left and right ventricles was closely related with its afterload.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Washout rate in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy assessed by exercise myocardial scintigraphy].

The present study clarified the pathogenesis of disproportional hypertrophy in terms of disturbed coronary microcirculation. Twenty-eight patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who had normal coronary angiograms were categorized in four groups according to distributions of disproportional hypertrophy on left ventriculography and biventriculography: (1) Interventricular septal hypertrophy, (2) septal and apico-anterior wall hypertrophy, (3) apico-anterior hypertrophy, and (4) nonspecific hypertrophy of the entire wall. All 28 HCM patients and 10 normal volunteers were tested using exercise myocardial scintigraphy, and the circumferential profiles were processed by computer to relate the washout rate and disproportional hypertrophy. Comparison of the mean curves and mean segmental values of the circumferential profiles of the HCM groups with those of the control group showed that the mean initial uptake values of the HCM groups were to be relatively low in the apical segment and in the lower portion of the anteroseptal segment representing disproportional hypertrophy of these segments. The mean values were significantly elevated in the upper portion of the anteroseptal segment which was projected as the largest amount of the myocardium three-dimensionally. The mean washout rates in the HCM groups were significantly decreased in all segments, especially in those segments which reflected disproportional hypertrophy. This trend was also observed in the segments with increased initial uptakes. On comparing the segmental values of all groups, the segments with initial uptakes and/or washout rates with having the mean value minus 2SD of the control group were observed in the profiles of 12 of the 28 HCM patients. These all had decreased washout rates. In 25 of the total segments of the HCM patients, the initial uptakes and/or washout rates were below the normal limit; 21 of these segments had only decreased washout rates, and 16 of these 21 segments belonged to disproportionally hypertrophic wall. These results indicate that the decreased washout rate in the disproportionally hypertrophic wall is characteristic of HCM. It is suggested that the decreased washout rate with the decreased initial uptake is caused by disturbance of the coronary microcirculation. In addition, the decreased washout rate without a decreased initial uptake is caused not only by disturbance of coronary microcirculation, but by a metabolic disturbance of the myocardial cells as well. Furthermore, both disturbances are closely related to the pathogenesis of disproportional hypertrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Malignant lymphoma of the ileum].

A 53-year-old man with malignant lymphoma of the ileum is reported. He was admitted to our hospital because of lower abdominal discomfort. 67Ga citrate radionuclide imaging revealed an abnormal round uptake in his lower abdomen. CT scans showed an abnormal soft tissue density mass and a remarkably dilated small intestine in the pelvis. X-ray studies of the small intestine revealed a giant diverticulum-like lesion. Angiograms showed a hypovascular tumor with irregularity of the small vessels. A resected specimen revealed non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma, diffuse large-cell type. 67Ga citrate radionuclide imaging was useful in screening for neoplastic lesions in the small intestine because of its easiness and safety.

Gallium Radioisotopes↗