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Biomedical subjects

R T Lie

Publications and source records attributed to R T Lie.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Pregnancy outcome in some Norwegian counties before and after the Chernobyl accident].

The outcome of pregnancies in six countries in Norway has been studied during 12 months prior and subsequent to the Chernobyl accident. The accident took place in a period with an annual increase of births of approximately 3%. However, the year after the accident a decrease of 0.7% was observed with particularly low numbers during February--April 1987. Concomitantly, the miscarriage fraction of all pregnancies increased by 16.3% and particularly during November 1986--January 1987. The same pattern was found when observations from Haukeland Hospital were analyzed separately. When the time of conception was taken into consideration we found that conceptions during the period May--July 1986 ended more often as miscarriages. We have no explanation of the observations. The external radiation exposure seems too small to have produced these effects. The internal radiation from food may have played a role. People may also have changed their food intake, using less vegetables, due to fear of these being polluted by radioactive fallout.

Accidents↗
PubMed1990

Outcome of pregnancy in one Norwegian county 3 years prior to and 3 years subsequent to the Chernobyl accident.

Pregnancy outcome was studied in a county in Norway 3 years prior to and 3 years subsequent to the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident on 26th April 1986. More detailed analyses have been performed for the 12 months prior to and subsequent to the accident. A significant increase in the spontaneous abortion rate the first year after the accident was followed by a slight decrease during the second and third years, but figures were still higher than the period prior to the accident. The rate of legal abortions was unchanged. During the entire observation period the number of births increased continuously, with the exception of a decrease in the last 2 months of 1986 and the first month of 1987. A higher incidence of spontaneous abortions was found for pregnancies conceived during the first 3 months after the accident. This increase in the spontaneous abortion rate is noteworthy, and more especially its long-term persistence, which cannot be the result of external radiation. The internal radiation from food polluted by radioactive fallout is a possible explanation. Changes in nutrition in order to avoid polluted food may also be of importance.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1990

Who gets a second primary cancer after gastric cancer surgery?

Eleven patients presented with a second primary cancer during follow-up after surgery for gastric carcinoma. In these patients the serum concentrations of C1-INH and IgG prior to gastric cancer surgery were similar to those of 53 patients with recurrence of gastric cancer. In these two groups, the preoperative C1-INH concentrations were higher and IgG lower (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05) when compared to 36 patients alive and disease-free 5 years after surgery. The median time between surgery and signs of recurrence was 11 months, whereas the median time until signs of the second primary cancer was 4 years. A patient with gastric carcinoma who pre-operatively has high C1-INH and low IgG is liable either to have recurrence or to develop a second primary cancer. Our data indicate that these variables represent a cancer susceptibility feature appropriate to the host.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Serum C1-esterase inhibitor, an essential and independent prognosticator of gastric carcinoma.

The preoperative concentrations of IgG were lower (P less than 0.002) and the concentrations of C4 and C1-INH higher (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001) in 29 patients with recurrence after potentially curative resection of gastric carcinoma, than in 31 patients alive and disease-free 5 years after surgery. These differences between the two groups of patients were consistent within each of six groups of disease extent. In each of the two groups of patients, the preoperative concentrations of IgG, C4 and C1-INH had no significant variation with the extent of disease (P greater than 0.05 or greater). Of our variables, C1-INH was the most potent prognosticator and discriminated between patients with and without recurrence with 80% accuracy. Furthermore, the predictive prognostic value of C1-INH at the time of surgery was superior to the prognostic value of the extent of disease (F values 27.00 and 12.69). Apparently, the preoperative C1-INH concentration is an essential and independent prognostic parameter of gastric carcinoma. We assume that C1-INH reflects an additional prognostic feature appropriate to the tumour or the host. Our finding that the interval between surgery and death from recurrence had an inverse relation to the preoperative C1-INH concentration also supports this assumption.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Secular trends of sudden infant death syndrome and other causes of post perinatal mortality in Norwegian birth cohorts 1967-1984.

Lack of positive diagnostic criteria and increasing professional concern, probably causing increasing ascertainment, have rendered reported increases in SIDS-rates controversial. However, these problems related to cause specific mortality do not apply to the total mortality. Due to the exceptional age-at-death distribution of SIDS cases, the SIDS fraction of all deaths increases during the first year of life to reach a maximum, in the present study of 56%, from the 105th through the 125th day of life. During these days, the total mortality rate in Norway increased from 0.24 per 1,000 in 1971-72 to 0.46 in 1983-84. Thus, the observed trend, with an increase in the SIDS rate from 1.02 per 1,000 in 1971-72 to 2.34 in 1983-84, is considered true. Observed in a country where perinatal and neonatal mortality have decreased for a long period of time and still remain very low in a global perspective, the increasing SIDS rate is a matter of great concern.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1989

Induction of platelet aggregation in vitro by microbubbles of nitrogen.

Microbubbles of nitrogen gas act as a platelet agonist, but the biochemical mechanisms involved in bubble-induced platelet activation are not well known. One characteristic property of a platelet agonist is to potentiate the response by another agonist in a synergistic manner at low concentrations. Possible synergism between N2 gas bubbles and the physiologic agonists ADP, epinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was tested. The interaction with ADP was additive; N2 microbubbles and ADP had different aggregation profiles, and the bubbles made the reversible ADP aggregation irreversible. Epinephrine caused a strong, synergistic stimulation of bubble-induced platelet aggregation. This synergism was only partially inhibited by indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid, but abolished by yohimbine. 5-HT had an inhibitory effect on N2 microbubble-induced platelet aggregation. This effect was neutralized by the S2-serotonergic receptor blocker ketanserin. Microbubble stimulation of the platelets before stimulation with ADP, epinephrine, and 5-HT seemed to make them more sensitive to epinephrine only. The strong synergism between microbubbles and epinephrine in vitro should be evaluated for possible future use in predive selection of divers.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of specific insulin binding sites on chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medulla.

1. Insulin receptors were investigated in isolated chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medulla. 2. The cells were incubated with [125I]insulin in HEPES buffer, pH 7.8 at 15 degrees C for 180 min to obtain steady state binding. Specific binding was linearly related to the number of cells in the range 0.5-10 x 10(6) cells/ml. Insulin and proinsulin caused half maximal displacement of specifically bound tracer in concentrations of 0.18 and 2.46 nM, respectively. 3. Computer analysis of the binding data gave a linear Scatchard plot, consistent with a single class of non-interacting receptors with an affinity constant of 5.6 nM-1, the total number of receptors per cell being 1700. 4. The apparent MW of the insulin binding subunit of the receptor was 135,000, determined by affinity crosslinking and SDS gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1988

Selective fertility and the distortion of perinatal mortality.

Data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, covering more than one million births for the period 1967-1984, were used to study the magnitude and effects of selective fertility, which is the tendency for a woman to replace a perinatal loss. Variation in fertility after the first three births is studied, controlling for perinatal outcome of previous births, maternal age, and year of birth. Even after the first birth, fertility is higher after a perinatal loss. Selective fertility is more strongly present at each successive birth order, and at each birth order it is stronger among older women. As the average number of births per woman decreases, the force of selective fertility increases; that is, its importance has increased over time. Perinatal mortality at the third and fourth birth orders is particularly distorted by the mechanism of selective fertility in studies based on cross-sectional data. Mortality at second birth is exaggerated by 1%, at third birth by 8% to 20%, and at fourth birth by 18% to 27%, with the largest effects seen in the later periods. A major portion of the increase in perinatal mortality from the second to fourth birth seen in most studies based on cross-sectional data can be explained by the mechanism of selective fertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Secular changes in early neonatal mortality in Norway, 1967-1981.

Two five-year cohorts, 1967-1971 and 1977-1981, of the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, were utilized to analyze secular trends in early neonatal mortality rates, controlling simultaneously for birth weight, parity, maternal age, and sex. Improvement in the crude early neonatal mortality rate, from 6.5 to 2.9 per 1,000, was partitioned into one portion (18.4%) attributable to changes in the distribution of the birth weight or the other independent variables and another portion (81.6%) attributable to improved survival within each specific subgroup in the multivariate table. The early neonatal mortality rate was found to decrease in all subgroups, the low birth weight groups showing a significantly greater decline than the normal birth weight groups. Women with diabetes, epilepsy, or blood group antibodies were studied in separate analyses. For women with diabetes, the odds ratio of the early neonatal mortality rate between the first and the second periods was found to be three times the odds ratio for women without diabetes, and 2.9% of the total improvement of the crude early neonatal mortality rate was attributable to an improved survival in these infants.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1987

Parity specific perinatal mortality. A longitudinal study based on sibships.

Perinatal mortality in sibships has been examined using the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Using linear logistic regression, parity specific perinatal mortality in the period 1967-1981 has been analysed, controlling simultaneously for maternal age, year of birth and survival of earlier births. The risk of a perinatal loss was increased by a factor of up to 6.0 following one earlier perinatal loss, and with three earlier losses the increase was 17.0. The general reduction in mortality between the different five year periods varied according to parity and maternal age. No secular reduction in risk, however, was demonstrated in sibships where the first birth died perinatally; for some subgroups of women the risk actually increased between the first and the second five year period. The effect of maternal age changed with parity, being strong in the first birth order, but of no effect either for the third or the fourth birth orders once the perinatal survival of earlier births was controlled for. This study shows the need to take heterogeneity of risk between women into account in studies of perinatal loss; the overall improvement in perinatal mortality does not apply to every woman. As care improves, perinatal losses become less and less random, demonstrated by increased risks of recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Concentrations of serum proteins and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with different histological types of gastric carcinoma.

ESR and serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4, C1-INH and CEA were quantified preoperatively in 195 patients with gastric carcinoma. The values were grouped according to the extent of disease (T1-3N0M0, T2-3N + M0, T4AnyNM0, AnyTAnyNM1) and according to the histological type of tumor (intestinal-type, diffuse and unclassifiable). The data were analysed using a two-way analysis of variance with unequal cell sizes. ESR, C4, C1-INH, IgG and CEA varied with the extent of disease. When the data were adjusted for this variation, we found that the values of ESR, C4 and CEA were different between the various histological types. The values were highest in patients with the intestinal-type tumor and lowest in those with diffuse tumor. The concentrations of IgG and C1-INH were not different between the histological types. Our results are relevant when ESR, C4 and CEA are used in the evaluation of patients with gastric carcinoma.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Preoperative prediction of extent and prognosis of gastric carcinoma by four serum proteins and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

In 195 patients with gastric carcinoma the preoperative ESR and serum concentrations of IgG, C4, C1-INH and CEA varied significantly with the extent of disease. Extent of disease and prognosis were predicted from these variables by discriminant analysis. The discriminant rules were tested on the same patients in an unbiased way. Metastases or no metastases were correctly predicted in 75% of the patients. By an appropriate prior distribution 93% of the patients without metastases were identified. The disease extent was also predicted in subgroups of patients with and without metastases. Survival was correctly predicted preoperatively in 66% of the patients and 83% of the patients with a fair prognosis were identified. Of the patients preoperatively allocated to the non-survival group 94% did actually die during follow-up. When used in addition to other available information, our discriminant rules will contribute to the quality of the preoperative evaluation of patients with gastric carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The diagnostic potential of some routine laboratory tests. off.

The potential was tested of white blood cell count (WBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and erythrocyte volume fraction (EVF) to differentiate between patients with acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI), perforation of colon, perforation of peptic ulcer, and intestinal obstruction. The WBC in patients with AMI (18.95 +/- 6.88 10(3) ml-1) was significantly above the normal range (upper cut-off 11.0 10(3) ml-1; P < 0.0001). Other variables in the patient groups did not differ from those of healthy individuals. All variables were, however, different between patients with AMI and non-AMI (P < 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to define the optimal cut-off for each variable. Sensitivity and specificity of the variables were between 62% and 75%. Discriminant analysis of the variables classified 80% of the patients correctly into AMI and non-AMI groups.

Acute Disease↗